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systemctl 命令详解

systemd 是 Linux 下的一款系统和服务管理器,兼容 SysV 和 LSB 的启动脚本。systemd 的特性有:支持并行化任务;同时采用 socket 式与 D-Bus 总线式激活服务;按需启动守护进程(daemon);利用 Linux 的 cgroups 监视进程;支持快照和系统恢复;维护挂载点和自动挂载点;各服务间基于依赖关系进行精密控制。

任务 旧指令 新指令
使某服务自动启动 chkconfig –level 3 httpd on systemctl enable httpd.service
使某服务不自动启动 chkconfig –level 3 httpd off systemctl disable httpd.service
检查服务状态 service httpd status systemctl status httpd.service (服务详细信息) systemctl is-enabled httpd.service (仅显示是否 Active)
显示所有已启动的服务 chkconfig –list systemctl list -units –type=service
启动某服务 service httpd start systemctl start httpd.service
停止某服务 service httpd stop systemctl stop httpd.service
重启某服务 service httpd restart systemctl restart httpd.service
某服务重新加载配置文件 service httpd reload systemctl reload httpd.service

# systemctl #输出已激活单元 

# systemctl list-units #输出已激活单元 

# systemctl –failed #输出运行失败的单元 

# systemctl list-unit-files #查看所有已安装服务 

# systemctl start nginx #启动nginx 

# systemctl stop nginx #停止nginx 

# systemctl restart nginx #重启nginx

systemctl reload nginx #重新加载nginx配置 

# systemctl status nginx #输出nginx运行状态 

# systemctl is-enabled nginx #检查nginx是否配置为自动启动 

# systemctl enable nginx  #开机自动启动nginx 

# systemctl disable nginx #取消开机自动启动nginx 

# systemctl help nginx #显示nginx的手册页 

# systemctl daemon-reload #重新载入 systemd,扫描新的或有变动的单元 

# systemctl reboot #重启
# systemctl poweroff #退出系统并停止电源 

# systemctl suspend #待机
# systemctl hibernate #休眠 

# systemctl hybrid-sleep #混合休眠模式(同时休眠到硬盘并待机 

# systemctl isolate graphical.target #等价于telinit 3 或 telinit 5