systemd 是 Linux 下的一款系统和服务管理器,兼容 SysV 和 LSB 的启动脚本。systemd 的特性有:支持并行化任务;同时采用 socket 式与 D-Bus 总线式激活服务;按需启动守护进程(daemon);利用 Linux 的 cgroups 监视进程;支持快照和系统恢复;维护挂载点和自动挂载点;各服务间基于依赖关系进行精密控制。
任务 | 旧指令 | 新指令 |
使某服务自动启动 | chkconfig --level 3 httpd on | systemctl enable httpd.service |
使某服务不自动启动 | chkconfig --level 3 httpd off | systemctl disable httpd.service |
检查服务状态 | service httpd status | systemctl status httpd.service (服务详细信息) systemctl is-enabled httpd.service (仅显示是否 Active) |
显示所有已启动的服务 | chkconfig --list | systemctl list -units --type=service |
启动某服务 | service httpd start | systemctl start httpd.service |
停止某服务 | service httpd stop | systemctl stop httpd.service |
重启某服务 | service httpd restart | systemctl restart httpd.service |
某服务重新加载配置文件 | service httpd reload | systemctl reload httpd.service |
# systemctl #输出已激活单元
# systemctl list-units #输出已激活单元
# systemctl --failed #输出运行失败的单元
# systemctl list-unit-files #查看所有已安装服务
# systemctl start nginx #启动nginx
# systemctl stop nginx #停止nginx
# systemctl restart nginx #重启nginx
#
systemctl reload nginx #重新加载nginx配置
# systemctl status nginx #输出nginx运行状态
# systemctl is-enabled nginx #检查nginx是否配置为自动启动
# systemctl enable nginx #开机自动启动nginx
# systemctl disable nginx #取消开机自动启动nginx
# systemctl help nginx #显示nginx的手册页
# systemctl daemon-reload #重新载入 systemd,扫描新的或有变动的单元
# systemctl reboot #重启
# systemctl poweroff #退出系统并停止电源
# systemctl suspend #待机
# systemctl hibernate #休眠
# systemctl hybrid-sleep #混合休眠模式(同时休眠到硬盘并待机
# systemctl isolate graphical.target #等价于telinit 3 或 telinit 5