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Creating a MongoDB Replication Set on CentOS 6.4

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Mongodb 集群的安装 centos6.4

MongoDB is an open-source non-SQL database engine. MongoDB is scalable and an alternative to the standard relational database management system (RDBMS). A replication set is used for redundancy and to provide access to your data in the event of a node failure.

Before installing MongoDB, it is assumed that you have followed our getting started guide. If you are new to Linux server administration, you may want to consult our using Linux document series including the Introduction to Linux Concepts guide and Administration Basics guide.

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you are not familiar with the sudo command, you can review our Users and Groupsguide.

Installing MongoDB

  1. Make sure the hostname is set on every member of the replication set by editing the hostname file:

 

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nano /etc/hostname

 
  1. Replace the name in brackets <> with your own hostname. This example uses the Nano text editor. However, you can use the text editor you prefer.
  2. /etc/hostname

 

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europa

 
  1. Create a file to hold the configuration information for the MongoDB repository:

 

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sudo touch /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo

 
  1. If you are running a 64-bit system, use the following configuration:

 

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[mongodb]

 

 

name=MongoDB Repository

 

 

baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64/

 

 

gpgcheck=0

 

 

enabled=1

 
  1. For a 32-bit system, use the following configuration:

 

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[mongodb]

 

 

name=MongoDB Repository

 

 

baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/i686/

 

 

gpgcheck=0

 

 

enabled=1

 
  1. A 32-bit system is not recommended for production deployments.
  2. Install MongoDB using the command:

 

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sudo yum install mongo-10gen-server

 

Configuring Networking

It is imperative that the networking configurations are set and working properly, or you will not be able to add members to the replication set. This section will provide in detail how to configure three (3) Linodes as a MongoDB replication set.

Before you begin, you will need to obtain all the private IP addresses for each of your Linodes. This information can be found by logging into the Linode Manager. Under the Remote Access tab there is a section called, “Private/LAN Network”. Click on the “Add a Private IP” link to assign a private IP address to your Linode. This is the address you will use to configure your hosts file. Again, we are working with a three member replication set so you will need to acquire this information for each member.

Creating a MongoDB Replication Set on CentOS 6.4


Setting the Hosts File

Once you have all your private IPs, you can add them to the hosts file. Use your favorite text editor and add the addresses.

/etc/hosts

 

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192.168.160.1 mongo1

 

 

192.168.170.1 mongo2

 

 

192.168.180.1 mongo3

 

Use your own IP addresses in place of the addresses in the above example. The names of the members in the replication set are also variables, so you may name them what you choose. However, it would be prudent to have some numerical or alphabetic notation as this will make it easier to identify when connecting to the different replication set members.

Replication set member names and the actual server name are different. In this instance, the server name iseuropa, and the replication set members are mongo1, mongo2, and mongo3 respectively.

Set the Network Interfaces

  1. Edit your ifcfg-eth0 file to include the public IP address information.

    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

 

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DEVICE=eth0

 

 

BOOTPROTO=none

 

 

ONBOOT=yes

 

 

TYPE=Ethernet

 

 

 

# This line ensures that the interface will be brought up during boot.

 

 

ONBOOT=yes

 

 

 

# eth0 - This is the main IP address that will be used for most outbound connections.

 

 

# The address, netmask and gateway are all necessary.

 

 

IPADDR=xxx.xx.xxx.xx

 

 

NETMASK=xxx.xxx.xxx.x

 

 

GATEWAY=xxx.xx.xx.x

 

Replace the sample addresses with your own IP information.

  1. Next you will need to create a file for your private IP information. You can do this by copying the eth0 file with the name ifcfg-eth0:1:

 

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cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1

 
  1. Now edit your newly created eth0:1 file to reflect your private IP information:

    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1

 

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# Configuration for eth0:1

 

 

DEVICE=eth0:1

 

 

BOOTPROTO=none

 

 

 

# This line ensures that the interface will be brought up during boot.

 

 

ONBOOT=yes

 

 

 

# eth0:1 - Private IPs have no gateway (they are not publicly routable)

 

 

# specify the address and netmask.

 

 

IPADDR=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 

 

NETMASK=xxx.xxx.xxx.x

 

Again you will replace the sample addresses with your own IP information.

  1. Restart the networking service to ensure your interface changes have taken effect. Use the command:

 

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sudo service network restart

 

Edit the Mongo Conf File

  1. Edit the mongod.conf file to add the IP address and port number.

    /etc/mongod.conf

 

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# fork and run in background

 

 

fork = true

 

 

 

bind_ip = 192.168.135.24

 

 

port = 27017

 

Enter the private IP address of the server you are logged onto in the bind ip section. If bind_ip is not present, you will need to add it. Leave the default port number of 27017, and uncomment the line fork = true.

  1. While still in the mongodb.conf file scroll to the bottom and add the replica set information:

    /etc/mongod.conf

 

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replSet = rs1

 

In this example, the sample replication set is rs1, however, you may change the name as you choose.

Replication Sets

A replication set will allow your data to be “copied over” or propagated to all other members in the set. It provides redundancy in the event of system failure. It is recommended that an odd number of members be used in a set since it will make elections easier.

Elections are to select which set member will become the primary. Elections take place after the replication set is initiated and when the primary is not available. The primary member is the only one that can accept write operations. In the event the primary is not available, elections take place to select a new primary. This election action allows the set to resume normal operations without manual intervention.

Creating a Replication Set

A mongod.conf file was created during the installation. You will use this configuration file to start the daemon on every member of the replication set.

  1. The command is as follows:

 

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mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

 
  1. Your output should look similar once the daemon has started.

 

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 [user@europa mongo]# mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

 

 

 about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.

 

 

 forked process: 20955

 

 

 all output going to: /var/log/mongo/mongod.log

 

 

 child process started successfully, parent exiting

 
  1. Start MongoDB client on only one member of the replication set with the command:

 

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mongo --host <mongo0>

 
  1. The variable is the name of replication set member you are working on, in this examplemongo0.
  2. At the MongoDB prompt, switch to admin with the command:

 

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use admin

 
  1. You should see the message switched to db admin.
  2. Run the rs.initiate() command which will begin creating the replication set with the current member. The output should look similar to the following:

 

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> rs.initiate()

 

 

{

 

 

    "info2" : "no configuration explicitly specified -- making one",

 

 

    "me" : "192.168.160.1:27017",

 

 

    "info" : "Config now saved locally.  Should come online in about a minute.",

 

 

    "ok" : 1

 
  1. To see the current configuration run the command:

 

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rs.conf()

 
  1. The output should look similar to the following:

 

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rs.conf()

 

 

{

 

 

    "_id" : "rs1",

 

 

    "version" : 8,

 

 

    "members" : [

 

 

        {

 

 

            "_id" : 0,

 

 

            "host" : "192.168.160.1:27017"

 

 

        }

 

 

    ]

 

 

}

 
  1. To add a member to your replication set use the command:

 

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rs.add("mongo1:27017")

 
  1. Below is output for the command rs.add:

 

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rs1:PRIMARY> rs.add("mongo2:27017")

 

 

{ "ok" : 1 }

 
  1. To verify that the members have been added correctly run the rs.conf() command again. The output should look similar to the following:

 

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rs1:PRIMARY> rs.conf()

 

 

    {

 

 

        "_id" : "rs0",

 

 

        "version" : 8,

 

 

        "members" : [

 

 

        {

 

 

            "_id" : 0,

 

 

            "host" : "192.168.160.1:27017"

 

 

        },

 

 

        {

 

 

            "_id" : 1,

 

 

            "host" : "mongo1:27017"

 

 

        },

 

 

        {

 

 

            "_id" : 2,

 

 

            "host" : "mongo2:27017"

 

 

        }

 

 

    ]

 

 

    }

 

Verifying Replication

The best way to verify that replication is working and the members are all communicating is to create a new test database. By default, the existing test database is used when you connect to MongoDB. In order to save the new database, data will need to be added. The process for creating and inserting data is as follows:

  1. Create a database with the command:

 

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use <products>

 

Replace the variable products with any name you like.

  1. Add some data:

 

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db.products.insert( {item: "paint", qty: 10 } )

 
  1. If you are not on the primary member in the set, you will receive the message not master. Switch to the primary member and run the commands again. Now use the command:

 

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show dbs

 
  1. A list of databases will be displayed. Your new <products> database should appear in the list. Connect to one of the other members of the set and see if the newly created database has propagated.

Adding New Members to an Existing ReplSet

Before you add a new member, its data directory must be empty. Once the new member is added it will copy over all the data from an existing member in the replication set.

Members can be added to the replication set at any time. In order to re-add a removed member or to add a totally new member, you must be connected to the primary member of the replication set. Before you issue the “add” command, you must switch to admin. At the MongoDB prompt issue the command:

 

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use admin

 

Then use the following command to add a member:

 

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rs.add("mongodb3:27017")

 

For this replset configuration, only the hostname was required to add a new member.

An example of the add member process is included for your reference. Make sure to change names and port numbers to reflect your particular configuration.

Creating a MongoDB Replication Set on CentOS 6.4


Use the rs.conf() command to check if the new member is present in the configuration file. In addition, any database should propagate almost immediately (depending on its size) over to the new member.

Database Concepts and Commands

MongoDB is different from SQL in its classification of data as well as its commands. The following sections will provide some basic commands and data descriptions.

Data Classifications

To clarify how data is stored it is important to understand how MongoDB classifies data. The data is classified as follows:

  • A database is the container for collections
  • A collection is a group of documents, it is synonymous with tables
  • A document contains basic units of data
  • Fields are analogous to columns
  • A key is a name (string)
  • A value is basic type such as a string or an array of values

Basic MongoDB Commands

Command

Description

help

displays a short list of help commands

show dbs

displays a list of all the databases

use <db>

sets the current database

show collections

displays the collections for the current database

show users

displays the users in the current database

rs.status

displays detailed status of each member of the replication set

rs.conf

displays the members of the replication set

db.help

displays help for database methods

insert()

inserts a new document into a collection

update()

updates an existing document in a collection

save

updates an existing document in a collection or inserts a new document

remove

deletes a document from a collection

drop

removes a collection completely

It is important to note that MongoDB uses parentheses () at the end of several commands, comparable to the semicolon in SQL.

MongoDB Server Service

In the event you need to restart, stop or check the status of the MongoDB service, use the following commands:

 

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sudo service mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

 

 

sudo service mongodb stop

 

 

sudo service mongodb restart

 

 

sudo service mongodb status