{"id":3156,"date":"2023-09-10T08:37:46","date_gmt":"2023-09-10T03:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=3156"},"modified":"2023-09-10T08:37:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-10T03:07:49","slug":"modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Configure Modifier Keys to Act as Other Keys Without Losing Their Original Ability (ft. xcape)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Xcape is an innovative utility that empowers users to harness the untapped capabilities of modifier keys. Often, modifier keys like Windows and Control serve as crucial tools for executing shortcuts and commands when combined with other keys. However, they remain underutilized when pressed individually. Xcape changes the game by enabling users to assign alternative functions to these keys when pressed and released on their own. In my previous article on <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/xmodmap-remap-any-key-using-xmodmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">remapping your keys using xmodmap<\/a>, I briefly touched upon this concept in the conclusion. Now, let&#8217;s delve deeper into the remarkable potential of Xcape and how it can enhance your computing experience.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape\/#What_Are_Modifier_Keys\" title=\"What Are Modifier Keys\">What Are Modifier Keys<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape\/#Step_1_Installation_of_Xcape\" title=\"Step 1: Installation of Xcape\">Step 1: Installation of Xcape<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape\/#Step_2_Configuration\" title=\"Step 2: Configuration\">Step 2: Configuration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape\/#Step_3_Running_the_xmodmap_and_xcape_using_xprofile\" title=\"Step 3: Running the xmodmap and xcape using ~\/.xprofile\">Step 3: Running the xmodmap and xcape using ~\/.xprofile<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/modifier-keys-to-act-as-other-keys-when-pressed-alone-using-xcape\/#Way_Ahead\" title=\"Way Ahead\">Way Ahead<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_Modifier_Keys\"><\/span>What Are Modifier Keys<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Modifier keys are keys that are pressed in conjunction with other keys. For example, Shift, Control, Windows, Alt, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To get a list of modifier keys, use the command <code>xmodmap -pm<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"874\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/xmodmap_to_print_modifier_keys-1.png?resize=874%2C293&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"xmodmap to print modifier keys used in xcape\" class=\"wp-image-3157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/xmodmap_to_print_modifier_keys-1.png?w=874&amp;ssl=1 874w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/xmodmap_to_print_modifier_keys-1.png?resize=768%2C257&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: xmodmap to print modifier keys <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><code>Super_L<\/code> for the left Windows key, <code>Super_R<\/code> for the right. Similarly, <code>Alt_L<\/code> and <code>Alt_R<\/code>, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don&#8217;t recognize other keys in the above figure, no worries; just don&#8217;t use them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_1_Installation_of_Xcape\"><\/span>Step 1: Installation of Xcape<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Arch Linux\/Manjaro\/other Arch Linux-based distro:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;ajay@legion ~]$ sudo pacman -S xcape<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ubuntu\/Debian:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;ajay@legion ~]$ sudo apt-get install xcape<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>For other distros, install it from their official repo, and if it is not found, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/alols\/xcape\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">build and install xcape using this GitHub page.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_2_Configuration\"><\/span>Step 2: Configuration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are planning to use it with xmodmap (and I recommend that), put all of your xmodmap configuration in a file <code>~\/.config\/X11\/Xmodmap<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;ajay@legion ~]$ nvim ~\/.config\/X11\/Xmodmap<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>! Create Super_L on the key on which CapsLock is written.\n! If you need to interfere with modifier keys, use the clear and add command as given below. \n! The modified keys can be obtained using the command \"xmodmap -pm\". \n! The keycodes (the number) and keysyms (the names) can be obtained using \"xmodmap -pke\".\nclear mod4\nclear lock\nkeycode 66 = Super_L NoSymbol Super_L\n! I don't need Caps_Lock, so I am just binding it to a non-existent keycode 8.\n! Xcape recommends the above.\nkeycode 8 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock\nadd lock = Caps_Lock\nadd mod4 = Super_L Super_R Super_L Hyper_L<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/xmodmap-remap-any-key-using-xmodmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To learn about these xmodmap configuration, look at this article.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, create a script <code>remaps.sh<\/code> in your bin directory. <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-create-shell-scripts-in-linux-unix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">If you want to learn about how to create and use shell scripts, refer to this article.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its contents are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ~\/.Xmodmap is executed by gdm, lightdm, xdm\nxmodmap ~\/.config\/X11\/Xmodmap\nkillall xcape 2&gt;\/dev\/null\n# When Super_L is pressed only once, treat it as escape.\nxcape -e 'Super_L=Escape' <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above script, the <code>xmodmap<\/code> command runs it. The <code>killall xcape<\/code> command removes any <code>xcape<\/code> instances if that is running, and the <code>xcape<\/code> command runs the xcape application. Using the <code>killall<\/code> along with <code>xcape<\/code> makes sure that only one instance of xcape runs at a time.<br>As you see in the above bash script I used the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>xcape -e '&lt;key_mapping&gt;' <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The flag <code>-e<\/code> is used to map keys. Use as many mappings as you want seperated by semicolon. For example the following maps left shift to escape and left control to control+o,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>xcape -e 'Shift_L=Escape;Control_L=Control_L|O'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above bash script <code>remaps.sh<\/code>, <code>~\/.config\/X11\/Xmodmap<\/code> maps CapsLock to the Windows (called Left Super) key, and then xcape maps that to Escape in its unique way. <strong>It is a beautiful combo for tiling window and Vim users like i3<\/strong>. I want to put my fingers always on the home row on my keyboard (the h-j-k-l row) &#8211; so pressing the CapsLock button on the keyboard emulates the escape button, and when it is pressed in conjunction with any other keys like <code>h<\/code>, it works as <code>Windows + h<\/code>. Create your amazing combo like this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>-t &lt;timeout ms&gt;<\/code> If you hold a key longer than this timeout, xcape will not generate a key event (default: 500 ms). Default is good for me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are other flags, but I don&#8217;t find them useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_3_Running_the_xmodmap_and_xcape_using_xprofile\"><\/span>Step 3: Running the xmodmap and xcape using <code>~\/.xprofile<\/code><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, you need to include this file in your <code>~\/.xprofile<\/code> or <code>~\/.profile<\/code> depending on your system configuration by appending the following line to it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>remaps.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This will make sure that each time you log into your system, the <code>remaps.sh<\/code> is executed, and key remapping is applied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If you update your system, these remappings will be removed.<\/strong> In that case, you will need to log out and log back in to reapply these changes. Or, just<strong> execute the script <code>remaps.sh<\/code> again in your terminal<\/strong>. This is why I have created a dedicated script <code>remaps.sh<\/code> instead of putting its few lines of code directly in the file <code>~\/.profile<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Ahead\"><\/span>Way Ahead<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks, folks. If you have comments\/suggestions\/questions, ask them in the comment section below. <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/xmodmap-remap-any-key-using-xmodmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">If you have not configured xmodmap completely or want to learn more about it, look at this article.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you find your modifier keys, such as Shift, Control, Windows, and Alt, often going to waste when pressed individually? Meet Xcape, the innovative utility that changes the game. With Xcape, you can assign alternative functions to these keys when pressed and released on their own. This guide will walk you through the installation and configuration process, revealing how to make your modifier keys work smarter and enhance your keyboard experience. Say goodbye to underutilized keys and hello to increased productivity with Xcape.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[18],"class_list":["post-3156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux-desktop-tools","tag-command-line-tools"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Configure Modifier Keys to Act as Other Keys Without Losing Their Original Ability (ft. xcape) | SmartTech101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Xcape empowers you to assign unique functions to modifier keys (such as Windows and Control keys) when pressed individually\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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