{"id":3009,"date":"2023-08-17T14:46:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T09:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=3009"},"modified":"2023-09-14T08:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T03:14:23","slug":"how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/","title":{"rendered":"How to send notifications in linux using dunstify\/notify-send"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In today&#8217;s fast-paced world, staying informed is crucial, and desktop notifications have become an integral part of our digital lives. Whether you&#8217;re monitoring system statuses, receiving alerts, or simply staying up to date, having a versatile and customizable notification system is essential. This is where <strong>dunstify\/notify-send<\/strong> comes into play. Dunstify is a command-line utility that lets you send and manage desktop notifications with ease. In this guide, we&#8217;ll dive into various aspects of Dunstify to help you harness its power effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Before_you_begin\" title=\"Before you begin\">Before you begin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Dunstifynotify-send_configuration\" title=\"Dunstify\/notify-send configuration\">Dunstify\/notify-send configuration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Basic_dunstifynotify-send_command\" title=\"Basic dunstify\/notify-send command\">Basic dunstify\/notify-send command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Closing_notifications_using_shortcuts\" title=\"Closing notifications using shortcuts\">Closing notifications using shortcuts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Urgency_Levels_in_dunstifynotify-send\" title=\"Urgency Levels in dunstify\/notify-send\">Urgency Levels in dunstify\/notify-send<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Adding_Icons_to_Notifications\" title=\"Adding Icons to Notifications\">Adding Icons to Notifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Applying_Timeouts_to_Notifications\" title=\"Applying Timeouts to Notifications\">Applying Timeouts to Notifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Progressbar_in_Notification\" title=\"Progressbar in Notification\">Progressbar in Notification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Replacing_Older_Notifications_in_dunstifynotify-send\" title=\"Replacing Older Notifications in dunstify\/notify-send\">Replacing Older Notifications in dunstify\/notify-send<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Closing_Targeted_Notifications\" title=\"Closing Targeted Notifications\">Closing Targeted Notifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Taking_Actions_on_notifications_using_dunstifynotify-send\" title=\"Taking Actions on notifications using dunstify\/notify-send\">Taking Actions on notifications using dunstify\/notify-send<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Sending_Notifications_from_CronAnacron\" title=\"Sending Notifications from Cron\/Anacron\">Sending Notifications from Cron\/Anacron<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Some_beautiful_applications_of_notifications_using_dunstifynotify-send\" title=\"Some beautiful applications of notifications using dunstify\/notify-send\">Some beautiful applications of notifications using dunstify\/notify-send<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Notify_the_user_if_a_command_exits_due_to_some_reasons_in_unwanted_fashions\" title=\"Notify the user if a command exits due to some reasons in unwanted fashions\">Notify the user if a command exits due to some reasons in unwanted fashions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Waiting_for_some_applications_to_close\" title=\"Waiting for some applications to close\">Waiting for some applications to close<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Tabulated_data_in_the_notification\" title=\"Tabulated data in the notification\">Tabulated data in the notification<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-send-notifications-in-linux-using-dunstify-notify-send\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Before_you_begin\"><\/span>Before you begin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>dunstify is <strong>installed<\/strong> with the application dunst. <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-configure-dunst-notifications-in-linux-with-images\/#Installation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To learn about how to install it, refer to this article on dunst<\/a>. And also note that, both the commands <code>dunstify<\/code> and <code>notify-send<\/code> are the same. They are symlinked in your linux system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dunstifynotify-send_configuration\"><\/span>Dunstify\/notify-send configuration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-configure-dunst-notifications-in-linux-with-images\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">In this article, I have talked in detail about the dunst&#8217;s configuration<\/a> &#8211; colors, paddings, frame, timeout, progressbar, separator, font, markup (bold, underline, etc.), text alignment, icon alignment, icons, mouse settings, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or, if you don&#8217;t have the time to configure your dunst, just copy <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-configure-dunst-notifications-in-linux-with-images\/#How_I_have_configured_dunst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">my dunst&#8217;s configuration given in the same article here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basic_dunstifynotify-send_command\"><\/span>Basic dunstify\/notify-send command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with the basics. Sending a simple notification using Dunstify is remarkably straightforward:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dunstify SmartTech101 Hello<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This command triggers a notification with the title &#8220;SmartTech101&#8221; and the message &#8220;Hello&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/basic_dunstify_command.png?resize=250%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Basic dunstify\/notify-send command\" class=\"wp-image-3014\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Closing_notifications_using_shortcuts\"><\/span>Closing notifications using shortcuts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For this, you need to <strong>bind some shortcut keys in your system<\/strong>. In my i3-tiling window manager, I have bound the commands <code>dunstctl close-all<\/code> and <code>dunstctl close<\/code> in the following ways*.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bindsym ctrl+space exec dunstctl close\nbindsym ctrl+shift+space exec dunstctl close-all<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Pressing the shortcut ctrl+space closes the latest notification (one at a time). If there are more than one notification visible on your screen, you can press <code>ctrl+shift+space<\/code> to close all the notifications at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also use mouse buttons to close notifications. <strong>By default, clicking on a notification closes it and the right click closes all the notifications.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-bind-shortcut-keys-to-commands-in-i3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To learn about how to bind keys in i3, look at this article.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For something other than i3, use your system&#8217;s configuration, or use <code>sxhkd<\/code>, or follow this article to <a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/title\/keyboard_shortcuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bind any shortcut key with any command<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urgency_Levels_in_dunstifynotify-send\"><\/span>Urgency Levels in dunstify\/notify-send<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Notifications aren&#8217;t one-size-fits-all; some require immediate attention. With Dunstify, you can set different urgency levels for notifications &#8211; <code>critical<\/code>, <code>normal<\/code>, <code>low<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>notify-send -u critical 'battery &lt; 15%'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we&#8217;re using <code>notify-send<\/code> to send a critical-level notification when the battery drops below 15%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"245\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/dunstify_urgency.png?resize=245%2C84&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Urgency Levels in dunstify\/notify-send\" class=\"wp-image-3015\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adding_Icons_to_Notifications\"><\/span>Adding Icons to Notifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Icons add visual context to notifications. Dunstify allows you to include icons in your notifications, making them more informative:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>notify-send --icon=audio-speakers \"Bluetooth Speaker\" \"Battery &lt; 20%\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, we&#8217;re attaching an icon to a notification about the battery being below 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"289\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/dunstify_notify_send_icon.png?resize=289%2C92&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Adding Icons to Notifications\" class=\"wp-image-3016\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Please make sure that you have configured your dunst properly. I am using<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/PapirusDevelopmentTeam\/papirus-icon-theme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> Papirus Icon Theme<\/a> which is a very big collection of icons. You can search for the icons in the directory <code>\/usr\/share\/icons<\/code> using the following command. And also you need to<strong> remove the file extension.<\/strong> For the above example, the file name is <code>\/usr\/share\/icons\/Papirus\/48x48\/devices\/audio-speakers.svg<\/code>. So, use only the name <code>audio-speakers<\/code> in the <code>--icon<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/usr\/share\/icons\/ -type f | fzf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applying_Timeouts_to_Notifications\"><\/span>Applying Timeouts to Notifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, you want notifications to disappear after a certain period. Dunstify\/notify-send lets you achieve this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dunstify --timeout=500 \"Error Finding\" \"Xdg-open worked.\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, the notification about the successful execution of <code>xdg-open<\/code> <strong>will vanish after 500 milliseconds.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Progressbar_in_Notification\"><\/span>Progressbar in Notification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Progressbar in the notification can be useful for creating custom volume and brightness notifications. To create progressbar, use the argument <code>--hints=int:value:<\/code>&lt;progress&gt; in dunstify\/notify-send.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dunstify  --hints=int:value:\"50%\" \"SmartTech101\" \"Progressbar\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The above command creates a progress bar which has<strong> progress half of its total length.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/progressbar.png?resize=250%2C125&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Progressbar in Notification\" class=\"wp-image-3018\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Replacing_Older_Notifications_in_dunstifynotify-send\"><\/span>Replacing Older Notifications in dunstify\/notify-send<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also avoid notification clutter by replacing older ones with updated information. For this, first, you need to create a notification with a specific id using &#8211;replace=&lt;id&gt; an argument. For &lt;id&gt;, you can use any random number. For example, the following command creates a notification with an id of <code>11111<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dunstify --replace=11111 --icon=display-brightness --hints=int:value:\"50%\" \"SmartTech101's Brightness\" \"Changed\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, when you execute any dunstify-command again with the same id, the above notification will be replaced. Try the above with the following command quickly and you would see the result in action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dunstify --replace=11111 --icon=display-brightness --hints=int:value:\"70%\" \"SmartTech101's Brightness\" \"Changed\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>With this command, the notification about brightness changes is updated while retaining the same ID to replace the previous one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This argument <code>--replace=&lt;id&gt;<\/code> is quite useful in creating brightness-change or volume change notifications. In Windows, this is already built-in, but in a minimalistic system like i3 tiling window manager, you can use this feature to <strong>create your own volume and brightness change scripts.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Closing_Targeted_Notifications\"><\/span>Closing Targeted Notifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dunstify enables you to close specific notifications programmatically. For this, first, you need to <strong>retrieve the id of the notification<\/strong>, using the flag <code>--printid<\/code>. Then you can close it, using <code>--close<\/code> flag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id=\"$(notify-send --printid --urgency=critical \"Aur+Pacman\" \"Downloading...\")\"\nyay -Qu 2&gt; \/dev\/null 1&gt; \"$package_list\"\nnotify-send --close=\"$id\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, a critical-level <strong>notification is closed<\/strong> using the retrieved ID after updating the package list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I use this functionality quite often. I get panicked whenever there is internet consumption in my system by background process without me knowing which process is consuming it. So, I have put these notification commands to let me know when <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-pacman-in-arch-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pacman<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/aur-arch-user-repository-and-yay-in-arch-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">yay<\/a> is trying to update its database. Similarly, <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/backup-and-restore-your-computer-using-rsync\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">I also use this when my system is backing up (to learn more about this using rsync, look over here)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Taking_Actions_on_notifications_using_dunstifynotify-send\"><\/span>Taking Actions on notifications using dunstify\/notify-send<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dunstify isn&#8217;t limited to static notifications; you can interact with them too. Here is a script template:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>action=\"$(dunstify --action=\"option_1, Menu Item 1\" --action=\"option_2, Menu Item 2\" --action=\"option_3, Menu Item 3\" SmartTech101 Hello)\"\n\ncase \"$action\" in\n\"option_1\")\n    &lt;Command 1&gt; ;;\n\"option_2\")\n    &lt;Command 2&gt; ;;\n\"option_3\")\n    &lt;Command 3&gt; ;;\nesac<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>First, you need to specify your actions using the flag <code>--action<\/code>. You can use the flag as many times as you want. All the menu items will be listed in the dmenu. Now, using dmenu, you can select the action, you want. <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/dmenu-what-it-is-and-how-i-use-it\/\">To learn about the dmenu, look at this article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s say you choose the first action. In that case, the value of the variable will be <code>option_1<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, the script uses the &#8220;case&#8221; conditional statement to execute the <code>command_1<\/code>. <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-conditional-statements-in-bash-the-if-else-fi-basics\/#The_case_Statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To learn about the case conditional statement, head over to this page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example showcases actions you can take on a screenshot notification, from opening the image to editing it using Gimp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>action=\"$(dunstify --action=\"open_image,Open the image.\" --action=\"open,Open the directory.\" --action=\"delete,Delete it.\" --action=\"edit,Gimp it\" -i \"$filename\" \"Screenshot\" \"Saved &amp; Copied.\")\"\n\ncase \"$action\" in\n\"open\")\n    \"$TERMINAL\" -e sh -c \"ranger --selectfile=\\\"$filename\\\"\" ;;\n\"open_image\")\n    setsid --fork xdg-open \"$filename\" ;;\n\"delete\")\n    rm \"$filename\" ;;\n\"edit\")\n    setsid --fork gimp \"$filename\" ;;\nesac<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can add other actions as well like reducing the depth of the image and putting a watermark. Here is how it looks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"347\" height=\"108\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/actions_in_dunstify_notify_send.png?resize=347%2C108&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Taking Actions with Dunstify\/notify-send\" class=\"wp-image-3019\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The symbol<code>(A)<\/code> in the notification shows that there are actions. Now, you need to execute the command <code>dunstctl context<\/code> (by using some shortcut key) to open the dmenu. In my i3 tiling window manager, I have bound the command to <code>ctrl+ greater<\/code> using <code>bindsym ctrl+greater exec dunstctl context<\/code>. So, I have to press, <code>ctrl+greater<\/code> as soon as I see the above notification and that launches a dmenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"854\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/actions_in_dunst_notification_using_dmenu.png?resize=854%2C231&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Taking Actions with Dunstify\/notify-send\" class=\"wp-image-3020\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/actions_in_dunst_notification_using_dmenu.png?w=854&amp;ssl=1 854w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/actions_in_dunst_notification_using_dmenu.png?resize=768%2C208&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sending_Notifications_from_CronAnacron\"><\/span>Sending Notifications from Cron\/Anacron<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Automation is a key part of any efficient system. You can use Dunstify to send notifications from cron*\/anacron# jobs. However, when you send the notification from cron\/anacron, you need to supply the <code>DISPLAY<\/code>, and <code>DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS<\/code> variables. You might also need to run the notification command as your user not as root user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this, find these variables using the <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/echo-with-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">echo command<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;ajay@legion .my_scripts]$ echo \"$DISPLAY\"\n:0\n\n&#091;ajay@legion .my_scripts]$ echo \"$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS\"\nunix:path=\/run\/user\/1000\/bus<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, In this command, we&#8217;re sending a critical-level notification about a backup operation initiated by Rsync.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -u ajay DISPLAY=:0 DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=\/run\/user\/1000\/bus dunstify -i folder-backup -u critical \"Rsync:\" \"backup started\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above command, <code>sudo -u ajay<\/code> make sure that the upcoming command is to be executed as the username <code>ajay<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*<a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/cron-the-job-scheduler-in-linux-unix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To learn about cron jobs, look at this article.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>#<a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-anacron-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To learn about anacron jobs, look at this article.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_beautiful_applications_of_notifications_using_dunstifynotify-send\"><\/span>Some beautiful applications of notifications using dunstify\/notify-send<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notify_the_user_if_a_command_exits_due_to_some_reasons_in_unwanted_fashions\"><\/span>Notify the user if a command exits due to some reasons in unwanted fashions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Put the <code>trap<\/code> command at the beginning of your script. Use <code>INT<\/code>, <code>TERM<\/code>, and <code>ERR<\/code> so that whenever there is any kind of error\/interruption\/termination, a notification will be sent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>trap 'dunstify --urgency=critical \"mpv.sh: ERROR\" \"$(printf \"%s\\n\" \"Make sure mpv is opened.\" \"Or reopen mpv.\")\"' INT TERM ERR<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Waiting_for_some_applications_to_close\"><\/span>Waiting for some applications to close<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In Windows, when we try to shut down our PC, the PC does not shut down until all the open applications are closed. But in Linux, when we try to shut it down using the command <code>systemctl poweroff<\/code> or something similar, it does not wait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the following conditional statement, we can know when our critical application has closed so that we can proceed with the shutdown. It sends a dunstify notification after the confirmation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>while true\ndo\n  pgrep --full \/usr\/bin\/anki &gt; \/dev\/null || break\n  sleep 1s\ndone\npgrep --full \/usr\/bin\/anki &gt; \/dev\/null || dunstify \"Anki:\" \"closed\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This code segment employs a continuous loop* to monitor the existence of the Anki process by using &#8216;pgrep&#8217; to search for the full path of the Anki application. If the process is not found\/closed, the loop is broken and you get a notification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*<a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-loops-in-bash\/#The_Versatile_While_Loop\">To learn about the while loop look over here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tabulated_data_in_the_notification\"><\/span>Tabulated data in the notification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also use dunstify\/notify-send to send tabulated data. For this, first,<strong> configure your dunst to use some monospace font. <\/strong>For example, the following command outputs tabulated data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#091;ajay@legion ~]$ ps axch -o cmd:15,%mem --sort=-%mem | head -n 30<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"309\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tabulated_data.png?resize=309%2C305&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3025\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, I use that command&#8217;s output in dunstify:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>notify-send \"Memory Consumption (%):\" \"$(ps axch -o cmd:15,%mem --sort=-%mem | head -n 30)\" ;;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"322\" height=\"956\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tabulated_data_dunstify.png?resize=322%2C956&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Tabulated data in the notification\" class=\"wp-image-3023\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I also use dunstify\/notify-send notifications for weather download failure, <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-mount-a-drive-in-linux\/\">mounting USB drive<\/a>, stopwatch, capslock on and off, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dunstify\/notify-send empowers you to manage desktop notifications with precision and flexibility. From basic notifications to interactive actions, you have a wide array of options to enhance your notification experience. So, whether you&#8217;re a power user or just looking to streamline your workflow, Dunstify is a valuable tool to master.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s all folks. If you want me to talk more about these scripts\/commands in detail ask me in the comment section below. You can put any suggestions in the comment section. Thanks again.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The guide covers installation, configuration, closing notifications with shortcuts, urgency levels, adding icons, timeouts, replacing older notifications, taking actions, and sending notifications from automation tools. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-3009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux-desktop-tools","tag-notification-send"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to send notifications in linux using dunstify\/notify-send | SmartTech101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The guide talks about dunstify\/notify-send: config, shortcuts, urgency, icons, timeouts, actions, and automation use.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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