{"id":2784,"date":"2023-04-08T19:35:52","date_gmt":"2023-04-08T14:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=2784"},"modified":"2023-09-05T07:51:28","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T02:21:28","slug":"how-to-use-vim-neovim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-vim-neovim\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Use Vim\/Neovim"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In this article, I will talk about how to use vim\/neovim &#8211; its key mapping mainly.<a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/category\/neovim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> For other vim\/neovim-related matters, look at these articles.<\/a> Vim keys allow you to stay on<strong> keys in the home rows<\/strong> and other keys around that. Therefore, when you use Vim keys, you don&#8217;t have to move your fingers a lot. On top of that,  most of <strong>these keys work in a similar fashion<\/strong>. For example, <code>d$<\/code> and <code>y$<\/code>, <code>3j<\/code>, <code>3d<\/code>. So, you can memorize them easily. These keys should work on vim, neovim, vi, and any other plugin which provides vim key mappings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcd2<\/strong> <strong>Note: <\/strong>I have boldened the important keys here. You need to start with them. At a later stage, you can learn the rest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what_are_modes_in_vim\">What are the Modes in Vim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#keys_in_normal_mode_in_vimneovim\">Keys in Normal Mode in Vim\/Neovim<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#movement_keys_in_vimneovim\">Movement Keys in Vim\/Neovim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#other_keys\">Other Keys<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cut_copy_and_paste_in_neovimvim\">Cut, Copy, and Paste in Neovim\/Vim<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#keys_in_insert_mode\">Keys in Insert mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#keys_in_visual_mode\">Keys in Visual Mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#macros_in_vimneovim\">Macros in Vim\/Neovim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#keys_in_the_console\">Keys in the console<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#save_andor_quit_a_file_in_neovimvim\">Save and\/or quit a file in Neovim\/Vim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#search_for_a_pattern_in_vimneovim\">Search for a pattern in Vim\/Neovim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#buffer_and_split_windows_in_vimneovim\">Buffer and Split windows in Vim\/Neovim<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#way_ahead\">Way Ahead<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what_are_modes_in_vim\">What are the Modes in Vim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vim has many types of modes some of which are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Normal Mode<\/strong>: It is the mode used when you want to move around texts your using your keys such as j, k, etc. It<strong> does not type anything<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Insert Mode<\/strong>: To<strong> type into your text,<\/strong> you need to get into Insert Mode. Whatever keys, you press, are typed into the insert mode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Visual Mode<\/strong>: This mode is used to<strong> select a chunk of text<\/strong>. There are various types of visual modes &#8211; visual line mode, visual block mode, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Console Mode<\/strong>: This mode is used to<strong> execute a command<\/strong> <strong>or search <\/strong>for a text in vim. You need to press <code>:<\/code> or <code>\/<\/code> to enter the console mode.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>To find out the current mode, look at the bottom line in your editor. In figure 2, it is Visual Block Mode. The bottom line does not indicate the normal mode since it is the most used mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keys_in_normal_mode_in_vimneovim\">Keys in Normal Mode in Vim\/Neovim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"movement_keys_in_vimneovim\">Movement Keys in Vim\/Neovim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To move the cursor <strong>up, down, left, and right, use k, j, h, and l<\/strong>. You can also use the arrow keys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To move to the top, middle, or bottom of the screen, use H, M, or L respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To move to the<strong> start, and end of an upcoming word, use w and e <\/strong>respectively. If the word contains punctuation, use W and E instead. Now, your jumps will include this punctuation as well. You can also move in a backward direction. <strong>To move back to the start of the word, use b.<\/strong> For punctuation including words, use B instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To jump to the start, and end of the line, use 0, and <code>$<\/code> <\/strong>respectively. A line can have non-blank characters such as space at its beginning and\/or end. To jump to the first and last non-blank character of a such line, use <code>^<\/code>, and <code>g_<\/code> respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Press gg to reach the first line of the file. For moving to the last line, use G.<\/strong> For n&#8217;th line press nG.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also move to the upcoming characters <strong>in a line<\/strong>. For this, use f and F. For <strong>example<\/strong>, to jump to the next occurrence of character x, use fx. To jump to the next occurrence of character x but just before the character, use tx. To jump to the previous occurrence of character x, use Fx, To Jump to after previous occurrence of character x, use Tx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To repeat the previous f, t, F, or T movement, use <code>;<\/code>. To do the same, but in the backward direction use <code>,<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>But I find a plugin <code><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/justinmk\/vim-sneak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">justinmk\/vim-sneak<\/a><\/code> to be more useful.<\/strong> Just press sx or Sx for it to highlight all next or previous occurrences of x. Then press one of the suggested keys to sneak to the wanted position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image.png?resize=612%2C337&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"using justinmk\/vim-sneak to sneak to any character\" class=\"wp-image-2794\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">fig 1: using justinmk\/vim-sneak to sneak to any character<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To jump to the next paragraph\/function\/block in code or texts, use <code>}<\/code>. For such movements but in the reverse direction, use <code>{<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to put the cursor in the middle of the screen, use zz. To move the screen down and up one line (without moving the cursor), use <code>Ctrl + e<\/code>, and <code>Ctrl + y<\/code> respectively. <strong>To move back, and forward one full screen, use <code>Ctrl + b<\/code>, <code>Ctrl + f<\/code><\/strong> respectively. <strong>For moving forward 1\/2 a screen, you need to use Ctrl + d. For moving back 1\/2 a screen use Ctrl + u instead.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To move to a matching character, use %. For <strong>example<\/strong>, if you are at <code>(<\/code> and want to move to the <code>)<\/code>, you need to press the <code>%<\/code>. Similarly, you can jump to <code>}<\/code>, and <code>]<\/code> from <code>{<\/code> and <code>[<\/code> respectively. See the help page <code>:h matchpairs<\/code> for more information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"other_keys\">Other Keys<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To open the man page for word under the cursor, use <code>K<\/code>. For <strong>example,<\/strong> you are editing a shell script file and there is a term <code>cd<\/code>. If you want to open the man page of the <code>cd<\/code> in neovim itself, you can move your cursor right on cd, and then press K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To replace a single character r. For <strong>example, <\/strong>pressing rx on a character will replace that character by x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To change (replace) the entire line, use cc. <strong>To change (replace) to the end of the line c$<\/strong>. <strong>To change (replace) the entire word, use ciw.<\/strong> To change (replace) to the end of the word cw. After all these change actions, you will reach the insert mode to type something.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To join the line below to the current one with one space in between, use J and for the same but without space, use gJ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To <strong>undo<\/strong> any action, use u. For <strong>redo<\/strong> use Ctrl + r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To Repeat the last command or group of commands, use <code>.<\/code> But if you are finding it difficult to use it, try macros which are explained in the below paragraph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To shift text right, use the keys <code>&gt;<\/code> and to shift text left press <code>&lt;<\/code><\/strong>. This shifting means the selected text is moved left or right by a tab. To select these texts, you can use the visual mode (explained below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To convert lowercase to uppercase and vice-versa, use the key <code>~<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cut_copy_and_paste_in_neovimvim\">Cut, Copy, and Paste in Neovim\/Vim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcd2 <strong>Note:<\/strong> It involves selecting a line. You can use the visual mode (explained below) for this purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb <strong>Yank(Copy):<\/strong> The simplest method to copy in vim is to <strong>select texts using the visual mode and then pressing y will copy<\/strong> them. To yank (copy) a line, use yy. No need to select any text here. Similarly, To yank 2 lines without selecting them, use 2yy. To yank the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word, use yw. To yank to end of line y$. You can also copy all texts inside a pair of quotes or brackets. For <strong>example<\/strong>, there is a text <code>The_Notebook_by_\"Nicholas_Sparks\"<\/code>. Your cursor is on some character between the double quotes. pressing <code>yi\"<\/code> will yank in double-quotes. Similarly, execute <code>yi(<\/code>, <code>yi{<\/code>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-configure-neovim\/#how_to_highlight_on_yank_in_neovim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blink the yanked text, configure your neovim<\/a> according to this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb <strong>Cut:<\/strong> Here too, you can <strong>select the text using visual mode and then press d to cut <\/strong>them. Or, you can cut the text without selecting it. To cut a line, use dd. For 2 lines, use 2dd. To cut the word, use dw. To cut to the end of the line, use D or d$. To cut a single character use x. Like <code>yi\"<\/code>, <code>yi{<\/code>, etc., <code>di\"<\/code>, <code>di{<\/code>, etc. also holds true here. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \ud83d\udccb <strong>Paste<\/strong>: After yanking\/cutting, the characters\/words\/lines go to clipboards. Now, you can paste them using p. To<strong> paste the clipboard in the line after the cursor, use p. To paste before the cursor, use P.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keys_in_insert_mode\">Keys in Insert mode<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To <strong>get into the insert mode press <code>i<\/code><\/strong>. To get out of it, press the Escape button.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, use i to insert before the cursor and I to insert at the beginning of line (or 0i). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To insert (append) after the cursor use a. And use A to insert (append) at the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">end<\/span> of the line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To open a new line<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> below <\/span>the current line, use o. To open a new line <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">above<\/span> the current line, use O.<\/strong> To insert (append) at the end of the word, use ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are not many keys in the insert mode. But you can bind key(s) from the emacs in the insert mode. I have done such bindings. Just put them in your <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-configure-neovim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">neovim\/vim configuration<\/a> <code>.vimrc<\/code>, <code>init.vim<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keys_in_visual_mode\">Keys in Visual Mode<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To start visual mode, use v<\/strong>. Now, you can use the movement keys (h, j, k, l, arrow keys) to select lines, then execute any vim command (like y to copy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To  Visual Line mode, press V<\/strong>. Here, pressing the up and down keys<strong> selects\/deselects a whole line<\/strong> instead of a single character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To start visual block mode, press Ctrl + v<\/strong>. It is selects the lines <strong>rectangularly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/visual_block_mode_in_vim.png?resize=571%2C388&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"visual block mode in vim selecting texts rectangularly\" class=\"wp-image-2797\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">figure 2: visual block mode in vim selecting texts rectangularly<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Please note that all movement keys (h, j, k, l, etc.) work in the visual mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To exit visual mode, press the Escape button just like that in the insert mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"macros_in_vimneovim\">Macros in Vim\/Neovim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Macros are very powerful. Using them, you can <strong>record a group of keys<\/strong> at a single key <strong>and execute<\/strong> this key to execute the whole group at any time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To start recording macros at <code>a<\/code>, press qa. To record at <code>b<\/code>, press qb and so on. Now, execute all the normal\/insert\/other mode commands (like j, k, y, v, x, etc.). After you are done, quit the recording by pressing q. Now, you can call forth recording at <code>a<\/code> by pressing <code>@a<\/code>, recording at <code>b<\/code> by pressing <code>@b<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For <strong>example<\/strong>, suppose you want to remove 5 spaces at the end of each line. You can go to the beginning line and press this sequence of keys <code>qa$xxxxxjq<\/code>. Now, just press <code>@a<\/code> to remove 5 spaces at the end of any line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To rerun the last run macro, use <code>@@<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keys_in_the_console\">Keys in the console<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"save_andor_quit_a_file_in_neovimvim\">Save and\/or quit a file in Neovim\/Vim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To write (save) the file, but don&#8217;t exit use :w.<\/strong> To write out the current file using sudo, use <code>:w !sudo tee %<\/code>. Here, <code>%<\/code> means the current file, hence <code>tee %<\/code> will form a type of &#8220;T junction&#8221; into this file. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After saving changes to the file, <strong>quit from it using <code>:q<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you try to quit a file that has been edited and you forgot to save it, quitting fails. Now, you can save it first using <code>:w<\/code> or<strong> quit without saving using :q!<\/strong> or <code>ZQ<\/code>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To<strong> write and quit <\/strong>at the same time, use <code>:wq<\/code> or<strong> <code>:x<\/code><\/strong> or <code>zz<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To write (save) and quit on all tabs, use <code>:wqa<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also save files with other names. This is akin to &#8220;save as&#8221; in Windows and other OSes. For this, use <code>:saveas file<\/code> or, <code>:w new_name<\/code>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To close Current Pane, use <code>:close<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"search_for_a_pattern_in_vimneovim\">Search for a pattern in Vim\/Neovim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To <strong>search for any pattern in Vim, use <code>\/pattern<\/code>.<\/strong> Now, you can use any pattern like those involving <code>*<\/code>, etc. There can be more than one search result. Vim will put you at a result. To move to other results in a backward\/forward direction, <strong>use n or N.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To search backward for <code>pattern<\/code>, use <code>?pattern<\/code>. Here too you can use n or N to move over the results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After searching for a pattern, you might see that your vim\/neovim put special highlights over all the finds. After you are done with these search results, you can remove these highlightings. For that use the command <code>:noh<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/highlights-by-vim-search.png?resize=571%2C388&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"highlights created by vim-search\" class=\"wp-image-2796\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">figure 3: highlights created by vim-search<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To replace all <code>oldtext<\/code> with <code>newtext<\/code> everywhere in the file, use <code>:%s\/oldtext\/newtext\/g<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For the above action but with confirmations <code>:%s\/oldtext\/newtext\/gc<\/code>. <\/strong>Now, it will ask for y (for yes), n (for no) before replacing each finds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"buffer_and_split_windows_in_vimneovim\">Buffer and Split windows in Vim\/Neovim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In simple terms, buffers are more like tabs. They allow you to open multiple files at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use the console to move around your buffers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To go to the next buffer use <code>:bnext<\/code> or <code>:bn<\/code>. To go to the previous buffer, use <code>:bprev<\/code> or <code>:bp<\/code>. To delete a buffer (close a file) use <code>:bd<\/code>. To list all open buffers <code>:ls<\/code>. To open a file in a new buffer and split window, use <code>:sp file<\/code>. To open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window <code>:vsp file<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To split the window, use Ctrl + ws. To switch windows, use Ctrl + ww. To quit a window Ctrl + wq. To split the window vertically, use Ctrl + wv. To move the cursor to the left window (vertical split), use Ctrl + wh. For the right window, use Ctrl + wl. And to move downwards, use Ctrl + wj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-configure-neovim\/#how_to_configure_horizontal_and_vertical_splits_in_neovim_and_vim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To configure splits in Neovim\/Vim, look here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"way_ahead\">Way Ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s all. To learn more, open the help page for any keyword using <code>:help keyword<\/code>. You can find a <a href=\"https:\/\/vim.rtorr.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">cheat sheet<\/a> of vim commands over here. If you have any queries\/suggestions, mention them below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here, I will talk about vim\/neovim keys in normal, insert and visual modes. I will also give you some examples.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[40,39],"class_list":["post-2784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neovim","tag-neovim","tag-nvim"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Use Vim\/Neovim | SmartTech101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here, I will talk about vim\/neovim keys in normal, insert and visual modes. 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