{"id":2514,"date":"2023-03-18T01:11:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T19:41:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=2514"},"modified":"2023-03-25T00:46:34","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T19:16:34","slug":"how-to-use-anacron-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-anacron-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How To Use Anacron In Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Anacron in Linux, like <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/cron-the-job-scheduler-in-linux-unix\/\">cron<\/a>, enables you to set periodic tasks on your computer. In this article, I will talk about what is anacronjob, the difference between anacron and cron, and how to create an anacron job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#difference_between_anacron_and_cronjob\">Difference between anacron and cronjob<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#installation_of_anacron_in_linux\">Installation of anacron in linux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how_to_create_an_anacron_job_in_linux\">How to create an anacron job in linux<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#explanation_of_columns_in_etcanacrontab\">Explanation of columns in \/etc\/anacrontab<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"difference_between_anacron_and_cronjob\">Difference between anacron and cronjob<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Anacron is a little different from cron. Unlike cron, it does not assume that your system is running continuously. And that is useful in the following cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Your laptop\/desktop computer shuts down\/hibernates\/sleeps while a job&#8217;s execution was underway.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The computer is off while a job was supposed to get executed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The next time, the computer starts the cronjob is executed. For example, Let&#8217;s say you have scheduled your computer backup every 7th day. Each day when your computer starts, anacron checks if the backup command has been executed once in the last 7 days. If it is not, it will execute the command on that day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"installation_of_anacron_in_linux\">Installation of anacron in Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the time, it is <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/cron-the-job-scheduler-in-linux-unix\/#1-installation-and-early-preparation\">installed with cron<\/a>. So, check your computer if anacron is installed. You can use <code>which<\/code> or <code>locate<\/code> command for this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ which anacron                                                               \n\/usr\/bin\/anacron\n\n$ locate anacron\n\/etc\/anacrontab\n\/etc\/cron.hourly\/0anacron\n\/usr\/bin\/anacron\n\/usr\/share\/man\/man5\/anacrontab.5.gz\n\/usr\/share\/man\/man8\/anacron.8.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how_to_create_an_anacron_job_in_linux\">How to create an anacron job in linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To create an anacron job, you need to use a file <code>\/etc\/anacrontab<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do not delete any line from it. Just add your job in the end. It might look like the following in your computer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SHELL=\/bin\/sh\nPATH=\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin\nMAILTO=root\nRANDOM_DELAY=45\nSTART_HOURS_RANGE=3-22\n\n#period in days   delay in minutes   job-identifier   command\n1    5    cron.daily        nice run-parts \/etc\/cron.daily\n7    25    cron.weekly        nice run-parts \/etc\/cron.weekly\n@monthly 45    cron.monthly        nice run-parts \/etc\/cron.monthly\n1  0  pacman_database  pacman -Sy\n3  0  backup \/home\/ajay\/.my_scripts\/rsync.sh -b\n7  0  anki_sync  \/home\/ajay\/.my_scripts\/anki_sync.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SHELL, PATH, and MAILTO define the shell, the path for your <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-create-shell-scripts-in-linux-unix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">scripts<\/a>, and email. Anacron uses the mail to send the output in case something goes wrong. Don&#8217;t worry if you have not set up email on your computer. Just leave the <code>MAILTO<\/code> line as it is. Anacron will only throw the error <code>Can't find sendmail at \/usr\/sbin\/sendmail, not mailing output<\/code> in its logs and everything else will work.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>START_HOURS_RANGE defines the hours in which your jobs will be started. Here, it is 3 AM to 10 PM. <strong>If your computer is shut down\/sleeps during these hours, your jobs will not be executed<\/strong>. You can even put in a more rigorous time <code>0-24<\/code> in case, your computer is turned off or in suspension mode very often.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RANDOM_DELAY: Anacron adds this (for the above example, anything in between 0 and 45) to the delay in minutes you define for each job. Both units are in minutes. Anacron waits for the total delay before the job is executed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"explanation_of_columns_in_etcanacrontab\">Explanation of columns in \/etc\/anacrontab<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>first column<\/strong> defines periods in days. 1 means every 1st day. 3 means every 3rd day and so on. It can also be <code>@monthly<\/code>, <code>@daily<\/code>, <code>@weekly<\/code> for monthly, daily, and weekly execution of jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>second column<\/strong> defines the delay in minutes. Anacron adds this to RANDOM_DELAY and waits for the total delay before the job is executed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>third column<\/strong> is the job identifier. It is just a name so it can be anything. Anacron uses it in logs such as <code>journlctl<\/code>. Use it to see if your anacron is executing your jobs or not. For example, to check if anacron is executing the <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/backup-and-restore-your-computer-using-rsync\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rsync backup<\/a> or not, run the command <code>journalctl --unit=cronie.service<\/code> (other linux distros might use a different word instead of <code>cronie<\/code>) and search for your job identifier <code>backup<\/code> in the output (use <code>\/<\/code> or <code>?<\/code> or <code>grep<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ journalctl --unit=cronie.service | grep backup\n\nMar 02 12:01:01 legion anacron&#91;34119]: Will run job `backup' in 19 min.\nMar 02 12:20:24 legion anacron&#91;34119]: Job `backup' started.\nMar 02 12:21:20 legion anacron&#91;34119]: Job `backup' terminated.\nMar 05 19:01:01 legion anacron&#91;148378]: Will run job `backup' in 4 min.\nMar 05 19:05:17 legion anacron&#91;148378]: Job `backup' started.\nMar 05 19:05:30 legion anacron&#91;148378]: Job `backup' terminated.\nMar 08 00:01:01 legion anacron&#91;263525]: Will run job `backup' in 29 min.\nMar 08 00:31:14 legion anacron&#91;263525]: Job `backup' started\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>fourth column<\/strong> is a command. Write the full path in case it is not included in the PATH variable defined in <code>\/etc\/anacrontab<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s all. For more, see anacron&#8217;s manuals &#8211; <code>man 8 anacron<\/code> and <code>man 5 anacrontab<\/code>. If you have any recommendations\/questions, tell them in the comment section below. Thanks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I will talk about what is anacron in Linux, the difference between anacron and cron, and how to create an anacron job.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2519,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[18,35],"class_list":["post-2514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-command-line-tools","tag-command-line-tools","tag-core-linux-utilities"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How To Use Anacron In Linux | SmartTech101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I will talk about what is anacron in Linux, the difference between anacron and cron, and how to create an anacron job.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-use-anacron-in-linux\/\" 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