{"id":1750,"date":"2022-02-13T00:10:31","date_gmt":"2022-02-12T18:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=1750"},"modified":"2023-09-11T08:06:53","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T02:36:53","slug":"df-command-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/df-command-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"The df command in Linux with Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We use the df command to find the type of file systems, free and used space on them, where these file systems are mounted, among others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#basic-application-of-df-in-linux\">Basic application of df in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-get-the-file-system-space-in-1m-blocks-using-df-in-linux\">How to get the file system space in 1m-blocks using df in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-get-the-file-system-space-in-human-readable-form-using-df-in-linux\">How to get the file system space in human readable form using df in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-display-all-file-systems\">How to display all file systems<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-know-the-file-system-type-in-linux-using-df\">How to know the file system type in Linux using df<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-print-only-a-certain-type-of-file-system-in-the-df-command\">How to print only a certain type of file system in the df command<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-exclude-a-certain-type-of-file-system-from-the-df-command\">How to exclude a certain type of file system from the df command<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-get-only-the-desired-columns-in-the-df-command\">How to get only the desired columns in the df command<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-limit-listing-to-local-file-systems\">How to limit listing to local file systems<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#wrapping-up\">Wrapping up<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basic-application-of-df-in-linux\">Basic application of df in Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The df command stands for disk free. That means it is mainly used to know the free space. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By default, if no argument is given, the df command shows the information about all the mounted file system. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df\n\nOutput: \n          \nFilesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on\ndev              3452072         0   3452072   0% \/dev\nrun              3493196      1316   3491880   1% \/run\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5 163181380  78961860  75857536  52% \/\ntmpfs            3493196     30600   3462596   1% \/dev\/shm\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1 479596204 278631560 176528984  62% \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs            3493200       268   3492932   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs             698636      1644    696992   1% \/run\/user\/1000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The &#8216;1K-blocks&#8217; column shows the total size in 1K blocks. The columns &#8216;Used&#8217; and &#8216;Available&#8217; show used and available space on the file system. &#8216;Use%&#8217; shows the percentage of space that has been filled up. The <code>Mounted on<\/code> column shows where the file system is mounted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you use the df command with a file(s) or folder(s) as its argument, it will give you the information only about those file systems on which the file(s)\/folder(s) are located. For example, the directory \/mnt\/crucial\/backup is located on the file system \/dev\/nvme1n1p1 and hence all other file systems are not outputted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df \/mnt\/crucial\/backup\n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1 479596204 278631560 176528984  62% \/mnt\/crucial<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-get-the-file-system-space-in-1m-blocks-using-df-in-linux\">How to get the file system space in 1m-blocks using df in Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To print the columns in multiples of 1024 (i.e. 1M-blocks) instead of the default 1K-blocks, use the flag -m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df -m\n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem     1M-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on\ndev                 3372      0      3372   0% \/dev\nrun                 3412      2      3411   1% \/run\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5    159357  77112     74080  52% \/\ntmpfs               3412     26      3386   1% \/dev\/shm\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1    468356 272102    172392  62% \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs               3412      1      3412   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs                683      2       681   1% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-get-the-file-system-space-in-human-readable-form-using-df-in-linux\">How to get the file system space in human readable form using df in Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You need to use <code>--human-readable<\/code> or <code>-h<\/code>. This way, df will automatically choose the appropriate unit from the K, M, and G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the way, I prefer the GNU syntax (i.e. <code>--human-readable<\/code>) over the Unix syntax (i.e. -h) because it is easier to remember and stays in the mind for a longer time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --human-readable\n\nOutput:\n                \nFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndev             3.3G     0  3.3G   0% \/dev\nrun             3.4G  1.3M  3.4G   1% \/run\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5  156G   76G   73G  52% \/\ntmpfs           3.4G   15M  3.4G   1% \/dev\/shm\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1  458G  266G  169G  62% \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs           3.4G  268K  3.4G   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs           683M  908K  682M   1% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The above output is somewhat similar to that in <strong>gnome-system-monitor<\/strong>. So, if you prefer GUI apps, you can use that as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1927\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/paste-3a27c483e069fe08e99c23f30aa84b4438cd1f53.jpg?resize=1927%2C462&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"gnome-system-monitor's file system similar to df command in linux\" class=\"wp-image-1755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/paste-3a27c483e069fe08e99c23f30aa84b4438cd1f53.jpg?w=1927&amp;ssl=1 1927w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/paste-3a27c483e069fe08e99c23f30aa84b4438cd1f53.jpg?resize=768%2C184&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/paste-3a27c483e069fe08e99c23f30aa84b4438cd1f53.jpg?resize=1536%2C368&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig: using gnome-system-monitor to find the space available on your file systems<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The above units (K, M, and G) are multiples of 1024. To make them multiple of 1000 instead, use the flag <code>--si<\/code> or <code>-H<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;ajay@lenovo ~]$ df --si\n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndev             3.6G     0  3.6G   0% \/dev\nrun             3.6G  1.4M  3.6G   1% \/run\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5  168G   84G   76G  53% \/\ntmpfs           3.6G  7.4M  3.6G   1% \/dev\/shm\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1  492G  288G  179G  62% \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs           3.6G   25k  3.6G   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs           716M  107k  716M   1% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-display-all-file-systems\">How to display all file systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To display all file systems, you need to use <code>--all<\/code> or <code>-a<\/code> flag. Now, all the filesystems including pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible ones will be printed out. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --all\n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on\nproc                   0         0         0    - \/proc\nsys                    0         0         0    - \/sys\ndev              3452072         0   3452072   0% \/dev\nrun              3493196      1316   3491880   1% \/run\nefivarfs               0         0         0    - \/sys\/firmware\/efi\/efivars\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5 163181380  78961808  75857588  52% \/\nsecurityfs             0         0         0    - \/sys\/kernel\/security\ntmpfs            3493196     26500   3466696   1% \/dev\/shm\ndevpts                 0         0         0    - \/dev\/pts\ncgroup2                0         0         0    - \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\npstore                 0         0         0    - \/sys\/fs\/pstore\nbpf                    0         0         0    - \/sys\/fs\/bpf\nsystemd-1              0         0         0    - \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc\nmqueue                 0         0         0    - \/dev\/mqueue\nhugetlbfs              0         0         0    - \/dev\/hugepages\ndebugfs                0         0         0    - \/sys\/kernel\/debug\ntracefs                0         0         0    - \/sys\/kernel\/tracing\nconfigfs               0         0         0    - \/sys\/kernel\/config\nfusectl                0         0         0    - \/sys\/fs\/fuse\/connections\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1 479596204 278631560 176528984  62% \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs            3493200       268   3492932   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs             698636      1344    697292   1% \/run\/user\/1000\ngvfsd-fuse             0         0         0    - \/run\/user\/1000\/gvfs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-know-the-file-system-type-in-linux-using-df\">How to know the file system type in Linux using df<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To know whether the file system is mounted as ext4, NTFS, etc. you need to use <code>--print-type<\/code> or <code>-T<\/code>. Consequently, an extra column &#8216;Type&#8217; will be printed out as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --print-type\n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem     Type     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on\ndev            devtmpfs   3452072         0   3452072   0% \/dev\nrun            tmpfs      3493196      1316   3491880   1% \/run\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5 ext4     163181380  78961828  75857568  52% \/\ntmpfs          tmpfs      3493196     26500   3466696   1% \/dev\/shm\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1 ext4     479596204 278631560 176528984  62% \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs          tmpfs      3493200       268   3492932   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs          tmpfs       698636      1464    697172   1% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-print-only-a-certain-type-of-file-system-in-the-df-command\">How to print only a certain type of file system in the df command<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For this, you need to use <code>--type<\/code> or <code>-t<\/code> flag. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, in order to print only the ext4 type of file system, we will use the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --type=ext4   \n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on\n\/dev\/nvme0n1p5 163181380  78961828  75857568  52% \/\n\/dev\/nvme1n1p1 479596204 278631560 176528984  62% \/mnt\/crucial\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-exclude-a-certain-type-of-file-system-from-the-df-command\">How to exclude a certain type of file system from the df command<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Use <code>--exclude-type<\/code> or <code>-x <\/code> to exclude unwanted file systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to exclude, the ext4 file system, we use the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --exclude-type=ext4\n\nOutput:\n\nFilesystem     1K-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on\ndev              3452072     0   3452072   0% \/dev\nrun              3493196  1316   3491880   1% \/run\ntmpfs            3493196 26500   3466696   1% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs            3493200   268   3492932   1% \/tmp\ntmpfs             698636  1584    697052   1% \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-get-only-the-desired-columns-in-the-df-command\">How to get only the desired columns in the df command<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The above commands give a lot of columns which are not good if you are writing the scripts such as those for i3blocks, dwmblocks, etc. To get only the limited set of columns (called &#8220;fields&#8221;), use the flag <code>--output<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --output=field1,field2,...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Valid field names are:<br> &#8216;source&#8217; (source of the mount point, ex &#8211; \/dev\/sda1), <br>&#8216;fstype&#8217; (file system type, ex &#8211; ext4), <br>&#8216;itotal&#8217; (total number of inodes), <br>&#8216;iused&#8217; (number of used inodes),<br> &#8216;iavail&#8217; (number of available inodes),<br> &#8216;ipcent&#8217; (percentage of inodes which have been used), <br>&#8216;size&#8217; (total size),<br> &#8216;used&#8217; (used space), <br>&#8216;avail&#8217; (available space),<br> &#8216;pcent&#8217; (used percentage),<br> &#8216;file&#8217; (file name if specified on the command line, ex &#8211; for the example shown below, it is \/mnt\/crucial), and<br> &#8216;target&#8217; (mount location).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to get only the space available on the SSD, mounted at \/mnt\/crucial\/, I use the following command in my i3blocks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;ajay@lenovo ~]$ df --output=size \/mnt\/crucial\n\nOutput:\n\n1K-blocks\n479596204<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Another Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;ajay@lenovo ~]$ df --output=fstype,size,target\n\nOutput:\n\nType     1K-blocks Mounted on\ndevtmpfs   3452072 \/dev\ntmpfs      3493196 \/run\next4     163181380 \/\ntmpfs      3493196 \/dev\/shm\next4     479596204 \/mnt\/crucial\ntmpfs      3493200 \/tmp\ntmpfs       698636 \/run\/user\/1000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-limit-listing-to-local-file-systems\">How to limit listing to local file systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ df --local<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"wrapping-up\">Wrapping up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s all folks. One more point to note is that the above flags can be mixed to create new commands (for example, <code>df --human-readable --print-type<\/code>). <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/ncdu-managing-disk-space-using-terminal-user-interface\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">If you want (TUI) version of disk space manager, look at our article on Ncdu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thank you for staying so long. If there are any mistakes, suggestions, or you have problems, please comment below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, you will learn about basic applications of the df command &#8211; finding file system type, free and used space, mount location.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[18],"class_list":["post-1750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-command-line-tools","tag-command-line-tools"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - 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