{"id":1488,"date":"2021-12-25T06:53:48","date_gmt":"2021-12-25T01:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=1488"},"modified":"2024-03-23T20:43:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-23T15:13:06","slug":"how-to-install-arch-linux-and-support-graphics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-install-arch-linux-and-support-graphics\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Install Arch Linux and Support Graphics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"\">In this article &#8220;<strong>How to install Arch Linux and support graphics<\/strong>&#8220;, I will help you install Arch Linux alongside support for GUIs on a single\/multi-boot system. I will focus on UEFI while pointing out special actions for Legacy BIOS if needed. I will also cover Arch Linux Installation alongside Windows. At the same time, I will also explain each term and what each package\/command does. This will answer lots of your questions like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">How to mount a new hard disk during the boot automatically?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to make Arch Linux game ready?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">What is display manager and how to change it?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to partition and format a disk in Linux?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to block certain websites such as po*n sites?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to create a sandbox environment using <strong>arch-chroot<\/strong>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">What is swap partition in Linux?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to manage user accounts? How to add a user to a group in Linux?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to use Live CD\/USB to fix the unbootable Linux Computer?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">How to use existing Arch Linux setup instead of Live CD\/USB to install Arch Linux on a separate computer?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> If you are uncomfortable with it, you can try it on Virtual Box, but be warned that it uses Legacy BIOS. To change it to UEFI, check the EFI tick box in Settings &gt; System &gt; Motherboard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"836\" height=\"589\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/uefi-virtual-box-1.png?resize=836%2C589&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Enabling UEFI in Virtual Box\" class=\"wp-image-1534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/uefi-virtual-box-1.png?w=836&amp;ssl=1 836w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/uefi-virtual-box-1.png?resize=768%2C541&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Enabling UEFI in Virtual Box<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"table-of-contents\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-download-arch-linux-iso-and-create-a-bootable-usb-drive\">1. Download Arch Linux ISO and Create a Bootable USB Drive<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-1-create-bootable-drive-using-linux-commands\">1.1 Create Bootable Drive Using Linux Commands<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-2-create-bootable-drive-using-gui-utilities\">1.2 Create Bootable Drive Using GUI Utilities<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-boot-into-the-live-environment\">2. Boot into the Live Environment<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-1-disable-secure-boot\">2.1 Disable Secure Boot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-configuration-of-the-live-environment\">3. Configuration of the Live Environment<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-1-set-the-keyboard-layout\">3.1 Set the Keyboard Layout<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-2-connect-to-the-internet\">3.2 Connect to the Internet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-3-update-the-system-clock\">3.3 Update the System Clock<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-partition-format-and-mount-your-drive\">4. Partition, Format and Mount Your Drive<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-1-partition-your-drive\">4.1 Partition Your Drive<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-2-format-the-partitions\">4.2 Format the Partitions<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-3-mount-the-partitions\">4.3 Mount the partitions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-install-basic-arch-linux\">5. Install Basic Arch Linux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-configuration-of-the-arch-linux\">6. Configuration of the Arch Linux<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-1-generate-a-fstab-file\">6.1 Generate a Fstab File<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-2-change-the-apparent-root\">6.2 Change the Apparent Root<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-3-set-your-time-zone\">6.3 Set Your Time Zone<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-4-set-the-hardware-clock-from-the-system-clock\">6.4 Set the Hardware Clock from the System Clock<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-5-localization\">6.5 Localization<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-6-set-up-your-network\">6.6 Set Up Your Network<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-7-set-up-user-accounts\">6.7 Set Up User Accounts<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-8-configure-sudo\">6.8 Configure Sudo<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-9-grub-bootloader\">6.9 Grub Bootloader<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-10-reboot\">6.10 Reboot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#7-install-microcodes\">7. Install Microcodes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-support-for-gui-applications\">8. Support for GUI Applications<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-install-video-drivers\">9. Install Video Drivers<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-1-for-amd-gpus\">9.1 For AMD GPUs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-2-for-intel-gpus\">9.2 For Intel GPUs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-3-for-nvidia-gpus\">9.3 For Nvidia GPUs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-4-for-virtual-box\">9.4 For Virtual Box<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><a href=\"#10-way-ahead\">10. Way Ahead<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-download-arch-linux-iso-and-create-a-bootable-usb-drive\">1. Download Arch Linux ISO and Create a Bootable USB Drive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">You first need to download the ISO file from <a href=\"https:\/\/archlinux.org\/download\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">the official website<\/a>. Once the file is ready, you will need to create a bootable USB drive. For this, you can use either the Linux commands or GUI utilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-1-create-bootable-drive-using-linux-commands\">1.1 Create Bootable Drive Using Linux Commands<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The name of the USB drive can be found by using <code>lsblk --path<\/code>. Here, you need to be very careful &#8211; choosing the wrong drive will erase everything on it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/finding_name_of_usb_drive.png?resize=731%2C324&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\" Finding Name of Appropriate USB Device in Linux\" class=\"wp-image-1495\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Finding Name of Appropriate USB Device in Linux<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After finding the drive&#8217;s name, use the following <strong>dd<\/strong> command to create the bootable USB drive (also known as &#8220;Live USB drive&#8221;):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># dd if=YOUR-ISO-FILE of=\/dev\/sdX status=progress<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">In the above command, replace YOUR-ISO-FILE with your downloaded <strong>*.iso<\/strong> file and \/dev\/sdX with the appropriate USB drive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">A sample <strong>example<\/strong> might look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># dd if='\/home\/ajay\/Downloads\/Archlinux\/archlinux-2021.09.01-x86_64.iso'\n of=\/dev\/sda status=progress<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">You can also use GUI tools as given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-2-create-bootable-drive-using-gui-utilities\">1.2 Create Bootable Drive Using GUI Utilities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Alternatively, if you are not comfortable with <strong>dd<\/strong> or if you are working from a Windows computer, you can also use GUI tools like Etcher or Rufus. Both are free and open-source and both work on Linux and Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/etcher.png?resize=800%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Etcher - A USB Forming Utility\" class=\"wp-image-1497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/etcher.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/etcher.png?resize=768%2C461&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Etcher &#8211; a USB forming utility<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now that you have created your bootable drive, you will use it to boot into the Live Environment. For starters, Live Environment is a temporary &#8220;Operating System&#8221; (in your case, temporary Arch Linux) and basically, it is used to install a full-fledged Operating System on a separate Hard Disk (or SSD). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-boot-into-the-live-environment\">2. Boot into the Live Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Before you boot, you need to disable <strong>UEFI&#8217;s Secure Boot<\/strong> because the Live Environment created above does not support it. You can enable it later after you are done with the installation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-1-disable-secure-boot\">2.1 Disable Secure Boot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To disable it, you can use the Boot Menu on your computer. To access this menu, follow the guide from your computer&#8217;s manufacturer. Alternatively, if you are installing the Arch Linux alongside Windows, you can access the menu directly from Windows (for Windows 10, Settings &gt; Update &amp; Security &gt; Recovery &gt; Advanced startup (Restart now) &gt; Troubleshoot &gt; Advanced options &gt; UEFI Firmware settings &gt; restart.). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, you can boot using the Live USB drive. If your computer is based on <strong>Legacy BIOS<\/strong>, your screen might look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/boot_into_live_environment.png?resize=632%2C470&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Boot into Arch Linux's Live Environment (BIOS)\" class=\"wp-image-1498\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Boot into Arch Linux&#8217;s Live Environment (BIOS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">And if it is based on <strong>UEFI<\/strong>, it might look like the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Boot-into-Arch-Linuxs-Live-Environment-UEFI.png?resize=1000%2C750&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Boot into Arch Linux's Live Environment (UEFI)\" class=\"wp-image-1500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Boot-into-Arch-Linuxs-Live-Environment-UEFI.png?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Boot-into-Arch-Linuxs-Live-Environment-UEFI.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Boot into Arch Linux&#8217;s Live Environment (UEFI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">In both cases, just hit Enter on the first selected item. After booting into the Live Environment, you will first configure Live Environment a little bit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-configuration-of-the-live-environment\">3. Configuration of the Live Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">This step involves setting up the keyboard layout, internet connection, and system clocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-1-set-the-keyboard-layout\">3.1 Set the Keyboard Layout<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">If you are from an English-speaking country, you should leave it to its default value &#8211;  <code><strong>US<\/strong><\/code> to reduce complexities and <strong>move to the next step. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">But, if you want to change it to other layouts, use the <strong>loadkeys<\/strong> command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># loadkeys LAYOUT<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Where the LAYOUT should be replaced with your desired keyboard layout. All available keyboard layouts can be found using the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ls \/usr\/share\/kbd\/keymaps\/**\/*.map.gz | less<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"766\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/setting_keyboard_layout_in_archlinux.png?resize=1023%2C766&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Setting Keyboard Layout in Arch Linux\" class=\"wp-image-1504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/setting_keyboard_layout_in_archlinux.png?w=1023&amp;ssl=1 1023w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/setting_keyboard_layout_in_archlinux.png?resize=768%2C575&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Setting Keyboard Layout in Arch Linux<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">For example, to set the keyboard layout to <strong>sun-pl<\/strong> as shown in one of the rectangles in the above figure, you will be using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># loadkeys sun-pl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-2-connect-to-the-internet\">3.2 Connect to the Internet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">By default, The Live Environment supports both <strong>Ethernet<\/strong> and Wi-Fi (wireless using <strong>iwctl)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Alternatively, You can use<strong> USB Tethering <\/strong>to connect through your smartphone. Just connect your USB cable, activate tethering from your phone, and that&#8217;s all.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, verify that the internet is working using the <strong>ping<\/strong> command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ping google.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-3-update-the-system-clock\">3.3 Update the System Clock<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># timedatectl set-ntp true<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now check if this is updated using <strong>timedatectl status<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># timedatectl status<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Sample Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>               Local time: Wed 2021-12-22 14:52:32 UTC\n           Universal time: Wed 2021-12-22 14:52:32 UTC\n                 RTC time: Wed 2021-12-22 14:52:32\n                Time zone: UTC (UTC, +0000)\nSystem clock synchronized: yes\n              NTP service: active\n          RTC in local TZ: no<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now that you have configured your Live Environment, you will use it to format, partition, and mount your hard disk (or SSD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-partition-format-and-mount-your-drive\">4. Partition, Format and Mount Your Drive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">You will need to partition and mount your disk according to the following <strong>Partition Table<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-stripes wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Mount Point<\/th><th>Partition<\/th><th>Partition Type<\/th><th>Suggested Size<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><strong>[SWAP]<\/strong> (optional)<\/td><td><strong>\/dev\/swap_partition<\/strong><\/td><td>Linux swap<\/td><td>At least 512 MiB; recommended &#8211; 1.5 times the size of your RAM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\/mnt\/boot\/EFI&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\/dev\/efi_system_partition<\/strong><\/td><td>EFI system<\/td><td>At least 260 MiB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\/mnt<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\/dev\/root_partition<\/strong><\/td><td>Linux filesystem (\/)<\/td><td>The remainder of the device<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The table was taken and modified from Archwiki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Note 1: <\/strong>The swap partition is a partition of your Hard Disk (or SSD) and it is basically used when your RAM runs out of space. It is also used to hibernate your laptop. But if you have  RAM with higher capacity and don&#8217;t want hibernation, you can omit this. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Note 2: <\/strong>Instead of a swap partition, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/what-is-swap-memory-in-linux-and-how-to-manage-it\/#how-to-create-swap-file-in-linux\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">create a swap file<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Note 2: <\/strong>EFI partition is not needed for BIOS-based systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-1-partition-your-drive\">4.1 Partition Your Drive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To partition your disks, you can use the following<strong> fdisk<\/strong> command: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># fdisk \/dev\/disk_to_be_partitioned<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Another such partitioning utility is<strong> parted<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">But, I will recommend<strong> cfdisk<\/strong> which I find the most user-friendly among all three. Find your drive using <strong><code>lsblk --path<\/code><\/strong>. Then use cfdisk over it. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># cfdisk \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">If you are asked about the <strong>label type<\/strong>, choose<strong> GPT<\/strong> which is the most suitable type for <strong>UEFI<\/strong> systems. For <strong>BIOS<\/strong>, choose <strong>DOS<\/strong> (also called <strong>MBR<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"896\" height=\"758\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/using_cfdisk_choosing_label_type.png?resize=896%2C758&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\" Choosing GPT for UEFI in cfdisk\" class=\"wp-image-1508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/using_cfdisk_choosing_label_type.png?w=896&amp;ssl=1 896w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/using_cfdisk_choosing_label_type.png?resize=768%2C650&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Choosing a label type in <strong>cfdisk<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Your <strong>Screen<\/strong> might look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/using_cfdisk.png?resize=666%2C423&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1507\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Using<strong> cfdisk<\/strong> to partition the drive<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">create the root partition<\/span><\/strong>, select the <strong>Free Space<\/strong> and the<strong> New<\/strong> button shown at the bottom using the arrow keys. Hit Enter. Then it will ask you the size of this partition. After choosing the size, the type &#8216;Linux filesystem&#8217; will be assigned automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>create the swap partition<\/strong><\/span>, follow the same method as above. One extra step will be to change the type to &#8216;<strong>Linux swap&#8217; <\/strong>using the <strong>Type <\/strong>button shown at the bottom:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"453\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/using_cfdisk_to_change_label_type.png?resize=673%2C453&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\" Using Type button shown at the bottom to create Swap Type\" class=\"wp-image-1509\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Using <strong>Type<\/strong> button shown at the bottom to create <strong>Linux swap<\/strong> type<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Similarly, for UEFI, you need to <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">create the EFI partition<\/span><\/strong> with the appropriate size and type. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">At the same time, if your&nbsp;computer already had the EFI partition, you should use that instead of creating a new one. For example, if you are planning to install Archlinux alongside Windows, you will be using the EFI partition created by Windows. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After partitioning the drive, use the <strong>Write<\/strong> button which will write everything to your drive. Do it at the very end after confirming everything. Now you need to format these partitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-2-format-the-partitions\">4.2 Format the Partitions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Format the root partition with<strong> ext4<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/root_partition<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Make the swap partition using <strong>mkswap<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># mkswap \/dev\/swap_partition<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">For the <strong>newly<\/strong> created EFI partition, format it into<strong> fat32<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># mkfs.fat -F 32 \/dev\/efi_system_partition<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-3-mount-the-partitions\">4.3 Mount the partitions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, you need to mount all the partitions as given in the above Partition Table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># mount \/dev\/root_partition \/mnt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The swap partition is not mounted anywhere. Instead, it is enabled using <strong>swapon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># swapon \/dev\/swap_partition<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After that, mount your EFI partition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># mkdir \/mnt\/boot\/EFI\n# mount \/dev\/efi_system_partition \/mnt\/boot\/EFI<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now that you have mounted all your partitions, you will be installing your Arch Linux on them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-install-basic-arch-linux\">5. Install Basic Arch Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Here, you cannot use <strong>pacman<\/strong> because that will install the packages only into the Live Environment instead of the mounted partitions. Instead, use<strong> pacstrap<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacstrap \/mnt base linux linux-firmware nano networkmanager man-db man-pages texinfo sudo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-stripes wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Package<\/th><th>Application<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>base<\/strong><\/td><td>minimum package set to define basic Arch Linux installation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>linux<\/strong><\/td><td>the Linux kernel; alternatively, use <strong>linux-hardened<\/strong> (security-focused),<strong> linux-lts<\/strong> (stability focused),<strong> linux-zen<\/strong> (performance-focused such as gaming)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>linux-firmware<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.gentoo.org\/wiki\/Linux_firmware\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">according to Gentoo<\/a>, linux-firmware contains proprietary drivers for some hardware (like AMD and Nvidia cards)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>nano<\/strong><\/td><td>text editor; alternatively use <strong>vim<\/strong> or <strong>emacs<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>networkmanager<\/strong><\/td><td>networkmanager provides network management tools like <strong>nmcli<\/strong>, <strong>nmtui<\/strong>, and a daemon<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>man-db and man-pages<\/strong><\/td><td>man-db and man-pages provide <strong>man<\/strong> pages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>texinfo<\/strong><\/td><td>texinfo provides <strong>info<\/strong> pages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sudo<\/strong><\/td><td>sudo gives certain users the power to run administrative commands<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table: Packages and Their Applications<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After the basic installation of Arch Linux, you need to configure it as given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-configuration-of-the-arch-linux\">6. Configuration of the Arch Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-1-generate-a-fstab-file\">6.1 Generate a Fstab File<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">In the previous steps, you mounted your partitions in the hard disk manually. The <strong>fstab<\/strong> file enables your computer to mount all the partitions without human intervention during boot. To create it, use <strong>genfstab<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># genfstab -U \/mnt &gt;&gt; \/mnt\/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-2-change-the-apparent-root\">6.2 Change the Apparent Root<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, make<strong> \/mnt<\/strong> your apparent root directory by using <strong>arch-chroot<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># arch-chroot \/mnt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The prompt changes from <code>root@archiso ~ #<\/code> to <code>[root@archiso \/] #<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">This enables you to use<strong> pacman<\/strong> to install any package on your hard disk. You don&#8217;t need <strong>pacstrap<\/strong> anymore. The same argument goes for any other command given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-3-set-your-time-zone\">6.3 Set Your Time Zone<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Find the (Time Zone) <strong>TZ <\/strong>using <strong>tzselect<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># tzselect<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1765\" height=\"927\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Using_tzselect_to_find_time_zone.png?resize=1765%2C927&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\" Use tzselect to find the Time_Zone\" class=\"wp-image-1447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Using_tzselect_to_find_time_zone.png?w=1765&amp;ssl=1 1765w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Using_tzselect_to_find_time_zone.png?resize=768%2C403&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Using_tzselect_to_find_time_zone.png?resize=1536%2C807&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure: Use <strong>tzselect<\/strong> to find the TZ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, use the above value of TZ and create a <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/hard-links-and-soft-links-in-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">symlink using <strong>ln<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ln --symbolic --force \/usr\/share\/zoneinfo\/TZ \/etc\/localtime<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">So, for TZ=&#8217;Europe\/Paris&#8217;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ln -sf \/usr\/share\/zoneinfo\/Europe\/Paris \/etc\/localtime<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After setting your time zone, set the hardware clock from the system clock as given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-4-set-the-hardware-clock-from-the-system-clock\">6.4 Set the Hardware Clock from the System Clock <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-stripes wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Clocks<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hardware Clock<\/td><td>The Hardware Clock is also known as CMOS clock, BIOS clock, and Real-Time Clock (RTC); runs even when the machine is powered off.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>System Clock<\/td><td>The System Clock runs only when Linux is running.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table: Hardware and System Clocks in Linux.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To set it use <strong>hwclock<\/strong> &#8211; an administration tool for these clocks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># hwclock --systohc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-5-localization\">6.5 Localization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">You need to uncomment appropriate locales from a file <strong>\/etc\/locale.gen<\/strong>. For the <strong>English<\/strong> language and minimal complexity, uncomment <strong>en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># nano \/etc\/locale.gen<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, use <strong>locale-gen<\/strong> to generate locales based on the above file<code>:<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># locale-gen<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Please notice that each locale in the above file \/etc\/locale.gen comprises two items separated by space.  Now, set the <strong>LANG<\/strong> variable equal to the first of these two items: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 &gt; \/etc\/locale.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Similarly, you need to set the <strong>KEYMAP<\/strong> variable in <strong>\/etc\/vconsole.conf<\/strong>. The value of this variable would be the keyboard layout set above in the Live Environment. This is done to set your keyboard layout permanently. Skip this step for the US layout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># echo KEYMAP=YOUR-LAYOUT &gt; \/etc\/vconsole.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-6-set-up-your-network\">6.6 Set Up Your Network<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Create a short and memorable hostname (for example, thinkpad) for your computer. This is done by writing your hostname into <strong>\/etc\/hostname. <\/strong>This name will be used to identify your computer in your home network. I have set it to &#8216;thinkpad&#8217;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># echo thinkpad &gt; \/etc\/hostname<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, you need to map a few IP addresses with their hostnames in a file <strong>\/etc\/hosts<\/strong>. Just put the following lines in this file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">127.0.0.1        localhost\n::1              localhost\n127.0.1.1        HOSTNAME<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Few points to note in the above example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Replace HOSTNAME with your hostname. For the example mentioned above, it is &#8216;thinkpad&#8217;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">If you have permanent ip address, use that instead of 127.0.1.1 in the third line. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">You can even use this mapping to ban unwanted websites such as po*n sites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">For more information, look up manpage &#8211; <strong>man 5 hosts.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, enable the NetworkManager using <strong>systemctl<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># systemctl enable NetworkManager<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-7-set-up-user-accounts\">6.7 Set Up User Accounts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">First of all, set a password for the admin (i.e. root) account using<strong> passwd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Secondly, add a non-root user (for example, <code>mcloven<\/code> \ud83d\ude00) using <strong>useradd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># useradd --create-home mcloven<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Here, <code>--create-home<\/code> creates a home directory for the user. It will include Downloads, Documents, Music, Videos, .config, and other directories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now create a password for this user using <strong>passwd<\/strong>. My recommendation would be to use the same password for both root and non-root users for easy maintenance of your personal computer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># passwd mcloven<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Add this user to the following groups using <strong>usermod:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># usermod --append --groups wheel,audio,video,optical,storage mcloven<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Here, the user is being added to the <strong>audio, video, optical, and storage <\/strong>groups to provide the user special privileges to operate on audio, video, optical, and storage devices respectively. To find a list of other such<a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/index.php\/users_and_groups#Group_list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> groups, follow this archwiki link<\/a>. Similarly, the wheel group provides the power to use the <strong>sudo<\/strong> commands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-8-configure-sudo\">6.8 Configure Sudo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After adding the user to the wheel group, you need to edit sudo&#8217;s configuration file i.e. <strong>\/etc\/sudoers<\/strong>. You cannot edit this file directly. Instead, you need to use<strong> visudo<\/strong> command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># EDITOR=nano visudo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now uncomment <code>%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL<\/code> to allow members of the group &#8216;wheel&#8217; to execute root commands. They will still need to prepend the commands with sudo and enter their own passwords.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Or, uncomment <code>%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL<\/code>. It is just like above but here no password will be asked.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Personally, I will go with the first one for security reasons. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">\ud83d\ude42  <strong>Fun Point<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/cron-the-job-scheduler-in-linux-unix\/#2-creation-of-cronjobs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EDITOR=nano is prepended. The reason is the same as that in the crontab command.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-9-grub-bootloader\">6.9 Grub Bootloader<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Grub is one of the best bootloaders. Most of the online tutorials are based on the grub. Systemd also provides a boot loader but that is very basic. Hence, I will be covering grub in this article. For this, install grub and related packages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pacman -S grub os-prober efibootmgr mtools dosfstools<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-stripes wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Package<\/th><th>Applications<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>os-prober <\/strong><\/td><td>os-prober is needed to detect other Operating Systems.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>efibootmgr<\/strong><\/td><td>efibootmgr is used to write boot entries for UEFI (unnecessary for BIOS).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>dosfstools<\/strong><\/td><td>dosfstools provides FAT utilities (<strong>mkfs.fat, fsck.fat and fatlabel<\/strong>) for FAT-formatted EFI partitions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>mtools<\/strong><\/td><td>mtools is used to access DOS disks.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table: Packages and Their Applications<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, for <strong>UEFI, <\/strong>execute the following <strong>grub-install <\/strong>command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub_uefi --recheck<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">And, for <strong>BIOS, <\/strong>it should be the following (please note the <strong>\/dev\/sdX; it is not \/dev\/sdX1 &#8230;)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># grub-install --target=i386-pc \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Here, the <code>--target<\/code> flag is used to tell the grub about the target platform. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After the grub-install command, you will need to generate grub&#8217;s configuration file using the <strong>grub-mkconfig<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># grub-mkconfig --output=\/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">If you get the message  &#8216;<strong>Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions&#8217;,<\/strong> then uncomment\/add the following line in the file <strong>\/etc\/default\/grub<\/strong> and re-execute the above command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now that you have finished configuring your Arch Linux, you need to reboot by following the next step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-10-reboot\">6.10 Reboot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Before restarting your computer, first exit from the chrooted environment using <strong>exit:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">This will put you back into the Live Environment. From the Live Environment, unmount all the previously mounted partitions using the <strong>umount<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># umount --lazy \/mnt\/boot\/EFI<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># umount --lazy \/mnt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After unmounting all the partitions, shut down the computer using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># shutdown now<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now remove the Bootable USB drive from your computer and start your computer. When you start the computer, you will be prompted for a user and its password. Use either <strong>root <\/strong>or <strong>mcloven.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd4Note: if while booting, you other OS such as Windows is not being shown, boot into the new linux installation and rerun the <code>grub-mkconfig<\/code> command shown above.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-install-microcodes\">7. Install Microcodes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Install amd-ucode or intel-ucode for AMD or Intel CPUs respectively. These are microcodes and are used to improve system stability. If you are installing Arch Linux on a removable disk, you need to install both. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S amd-ucode intel-ucode<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After installing the above microcodes, regenerate grub configuration files using <strong>grub-mkconfig<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># grub-mkconfig --output=\/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">That&#8217;s all. The installation of Arch Linux is complete. But to have support for Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications, follow the next heading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-support-for-gui-applications\">8. Support for GUI Applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">You need 3 packages in general:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">A &#8220;display server&#8221; (example &#8211; <strong>xorg-server<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">A &#8220;login manager&#8221; also known as &#8220;display manager&#8221; (example &#8211; <strong>lightdm<\/strong> and <strong>sddm<\/strong>). It will provide a nice login window. Alternatively, use <strong>xorg-xinit<\/strong> for minimal setups. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">&#8220;Desktop environment&#8221; (example- <strong>gnome-desktop<\/strong> and <strong>xfce4<\/strong>) or &#8220;window manager&#8221; (example- <strong>i3-gaps<\/strong> and <strong>openbox<\/strong>). <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Instead of xorg-server, you can install a package group called <strong>xorg<\/strong> which includes not just the xorg-server but other packages as well. This is better if you are a beginner and want to avoid further complexities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S xorg sddm gnome-desktop<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Enable the sddm using <strong>systemctl<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># systemctl enable sddm.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, to improve the graphical performance, install special video drivers as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-install-video-drivers\">9. Install Video Drivers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-1-for-amd-gpus\">9.1 For AMD GPUs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Install mesa, xf86-video-amdgpu, vulkan-radeon or amdvlk:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S mesa xf86-video-amdgpu vulkan-radeon<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">If you are planning to run 32-bit applications like <strong>Steam<\/strong> to play games, you need to install these packages&#8217; 32-bit versions as well. To install any 32-bit package in Arch Linux, you will need to enable its <strong>multilib<\/strong> repository by uncommenting two lines in the file <strong>\/etc\/pacman.conf<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\/etc\/pacman.conf<\/span>\n\n&#91;multilib]\nInclude = \/etc\/pacman.d\/mirrorlist<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Now, install respective 32-bit packages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S lib32-mesa lib32-vulkan-radeon<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Here, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-stripes wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>packages<\/th><th>application<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>mesa and lib32-mesa<\/td><td>3D acceleration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>xf86-video-amdgpu<\/td><td>2D acceleration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>vulkan-radeon and lib32-vulkan-radeon<\/td><td>for Vulkan support<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table: Packages and Their Applications<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To push the graphical limit even further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/title\/AMDGPU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">AMDGPU page in Archwiki<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-2-for-intel-gpus\">9.2 For Intel GPUs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S mesa vulkan-intel<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-stripes wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>packages<\/th><th>application<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>mesa and lib32-mesa<\/td><td>3D acceleration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>xf86-video-intel<\/td><td>2D acceleration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>vulkan-intel and lib32-vulkan-intel<\/td><td>for Vulkan support<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">However, xf86-video-intel is buggy. Ubuntu and Fedora do not install it. Use Xorg&#8217;s built-in basic facility instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Extra Information<\/strong>: Another reason to prefer AMD hardware in Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">For more information, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/index.php\/intel_graphics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Intel Graphics page in Archwiki<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-3-for-nvidia-gpus\">9.3 For Nvidia GPUs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Install <strong>nvidia, nvidia-utils, and lib32-nvidia-utils (for 32-bit support) for Nvidia<\/strong> drivers. If they are installed, Xorg gives them priority over built-in <strong>nouveau<\/strong> drivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S nvidia nvidia-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">For more information, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/index.php\/NVIDIA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Nvidia Graphics page in Archwiki<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-4-for-virtual-box\">9.4 For Virtual Box<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Install <strong>xf86-video-fbdev<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># pacman -S xf86-video-fbdev<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-way-ahead\">10. Way Ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">That&#8217;s all. Reboot and then you can also say &#8220;BTW, I use arch \ud83d\ude42&#8221;.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">But, if your system is not booting \u2639\ufe0f, follow these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Use the Live USB drive and boot into the Live Environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Do not format your partitions. Instead mount them. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Use <strong>arch-chroot \/mnt<\/strong> command to chroot into the unbootable environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Now, troubleshoot it using the internet.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Thank you for staying so long. If there are some mistakes or suggestions, comment below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><strong>Further Setup:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-set-battery-charging-threshold-limit-the-charging-in-thinkpad-and-other-laptops-in-linux-unix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Set a battery charging threshold on your laptop.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/aur-arch-user-repository-and-yay-in-arch-linux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Install any package from AUR (ft. Yay).<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article will help you install Arch Linux and GUI supports on BIOS and UEFI. It will also cover Dual Boot with Windows.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[36,25,27,26],"class_list":["post-1488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux-desktop-tools","tag-arch-linux","tag-arch-linux-installation","tag-basics","tag-installation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Install Arch Linux and Support Graphics | SmartTech101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will help you install Arch Linux and GUI supports on BIOS and UEFI. 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