{"id":1327,"date":"2021-12-05T21:45:38","date_gmt":"2021-12-05T16:15:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=1327"},"modified":"2023-03-25T00:50:06","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T19:20:06","slug":"bluetoothctl-management-of-bluetooth-devices-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/bluetoothctl-management-of-bluetooth-devices-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Bluetoothctl: Management of Bluetooth Devices in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This article is about the Management of Bluetooth devices in Linux using a command-line tool called bluetoothctl. In this, I will talk about<strong> how to connect with a Bluetooth device<\/strong> in Linux. I have also given a little hint in the end about how to automate this whole scanning, connecting, and other processes just with a <strong>script<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatively, we can use <strong>Graphical Tools like GNOME Bluetooth, Bluedevil, Blueman<\/strong>. But like all other Graphical Tools, they are bloated, they lack the ability of scripting, and they cannot be used without X11 or Wayland. These restrictions are mitigated by using a command-line utility called <code><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bluez.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">bluetoothctl<\/a><\/strong><\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"table-of-contents\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#installation-and-early-preparation\">Installation and Early Preparation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#step-1-get-into-bluetoothctl-s-interactive-mode\">Step 1: Get into Bluetoothctl&#8217;s Interactive Mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#step-2-turn-on-bluetooth-in-linux\">Step 2: Turn on Bluetooth in Linux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#step-3-scan-for-available-bluetooth-devices\">Step 3: Scan for Available Bluetooth Devices<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#step-4-connect-to-your-bluetooth-device\">Step 4: Connect to Your Bluetooth Device<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#1-pair-and-connect\">1. Pair and Connect<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#2-trust-and-connect\">2. Trust and Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#scripting-using-bluetoothctl-in-non-interactive-mode\">Scripting using bluetoothctl in non-interactive mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#other-bluetoothctl-commands\">Other Bluetoothctl Commands<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"installation-and-early-preparation\">Installation and Early Preparation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Manjaro and Archlinux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ sudo pacman -S bluez bluez-utils        <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Debian and Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ sudo apt install bluez*<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Fedora:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$  sudo dnf install bluez bluez-tools<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, <strong>enable<\/strong> the <strong>bluetooth.service<\/strong> using following <strong>systemd<\/strong>&#8216;s command <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The above is to enable the Bluetooth service in the background. But it requires <strong>restarting your <\/strong>system. If you do not want to restart, execute the following command as well:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ sudo systemctl start bluetooth.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: Make sure that kernel module <strong>btusb <\/strong>is loaded into the system. Kernel modules are equivalent to drivers in Windows OS. If it is not loaded, load it using<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ modprobe btusb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, I will be describing how to connect to a Bluetooth device using my smartphone as an example in the following steps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-get-into-bluetoothctl-s-interactive-mode\">Step 1: Get into Bluetoothctl&#8217;s Interactive Mode<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Like <strong>nmtui, bluetoothctl&#8217;s interactive mode <\/strong>is easier to work with during the first-time connection. And <strong>like nmcli, the non-interactive<\/strong> mode is good for scripting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To get into interactive mode, use<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ bluetoothctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Output<\/strong> may look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Agent registered\n&#91;CHG] Controller F8:89:D6:C8:2E:54 Pairable: yes\n&#91;bluetooth]# <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice, how the prompt is changing from <strong><code>~$<\/code><\/strong> to <strong><code>[bluetooth]#<\/code><\/strong>. Now, you can execute any command like <strong><code>help<\/code><\/strong> after the <code>#<\/code> symbol. Use<strong> <code>help<\/code> <\/strong>to find all existing commands and their one-liner explanations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# help<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>After following all the steps, you can quit using<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# quit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-turn-on-bluetooth-in-linux\">Step 2: Turn on Bluetooth in Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To turn on the Bluetooth, use <strong>power on <\/strong>command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# power on<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In my system, I get the following output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;CHG] Controller F8:89:D2:C8:2E:54 Class: 0x006c010c\nChanging power on succeeded<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, to turn it off, you can use the <strong><code>power off<\/code><\/strong> command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-3-scan-for-available-bluetooth-devices\">Step 3: Scan for Available Bluetooth Devices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First list available devices using<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# devices<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# devices\nDevice 40:45:DA:B8:AB:BB 34SUPER\nDevice 04:C8:07:12:D0:2D LG Q3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If you cannot find your device in the output, use the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# Scan on<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Output on my system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"845\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bluetooth_Scan_on-1.jpg?resize=845%2C86&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bluetooth_Scan_on-1.jpg?w=845&amp;ssl=1 845w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bluetooth_Scan_on-1.jpg?resize=768%2C78&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 845px) 100vw, 845px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As you turn on your Bluetooth device (in the above example, my new smartphone), bluetoothctl will list it in the output. After you have found your device, copy its address for future use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want your Linux computer to be discoverable by other devices, use the command given below. But for my tutorial, it is not necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# discoverable on<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-4-connect-to-your-bluetooth-device\">Step 4: Connect to Your Bluetooth Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We can do it in two ways:<br>1. <strong>Pair<\/strong> and then <strong>Connect<\/strong>.<br>2. <strong>Trust<\/strong> and then <strong>Connect<\/strong>. I find it simpler, less confusing and it works for me with all kinds of devices. Hence, I will be describing this in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-pair-and-connect\">1. Pair and Connect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Turn on the pairing in your Bluetooth device (ex &#8211; smartphone). Then, Turn on the pairing in your Linux computer using<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# pair 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now connect using<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# connect 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, you might get a prompt to accept the connection. Just say yes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-trust-and-connect\">2. Trust and Connect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, you need to trust your device using the following :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# trust 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;CHG] Device 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8 Trusted: yes\nChanging 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8 trust succeeded<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, bluetoothctl saves your device&#8217;s address on your computer. In the future, you will not be needing to trust the device anymore. This saving is preserved even over system-restart. Now, you can connect with the device using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# connect 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, you might get a prompt to accept the connection. Just say yes. It might even ask you to match passkey\/pin. For my smartphone, the output is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Request confirmation\n&#91;agent] Confirm passkey 989960 (yes\/no): yes\n&#91;CHG] Device 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8 Paired: yes\nConnection successful<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scripting-using-bluetoothctl-in-non-interactive-mode\">Scripting using bluetoothctl in non-interactive mode<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn here about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-create-shell-scripts-in-linux-unix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">what is a shell script and how to create one.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can execute the above-mentioned commands in non-interactive mode as well by prepending <strong>bluetoothctl<\/strong> with them. For example, <strong>power on<\/strong> command becomes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ bluetoothctl power on<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>So, if you want to connect to your Bluetooth device using a single command, use the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ bluetoothctl power on &amp;&amp; bluetoothctl connect 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: As stated above, don&#8217;t forget to <strong>trust <\/strong>your device 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8 before executing the above command &#8211; We need to do this only once in our lifetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fun Point \ud83d\ude03:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scripting is one of the things I love about Linux &#8211; You can merge one command with another and boost your productivity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This can be seen with my current usage of the above command with the <strong>nmcli<\/strong> command to <strong>share my smartphone&#8217;s internet with the computer. <\/strong>It is reasonably fast &#8211; it can play Youtube videos at 720p. at the same time, Bluetooth consumes much less energy than Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ bluetoothctl power on &amp;&amp; bluetoothctl connect 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8 &amp;&amp; nmcli connection up id 'Mi A3 Network'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"other-bluetoothctl-commands\">Other Bluetoothctl Commands<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When we used the<strong> devices <\/strong>command, we got a list of devices. If you want to remove your device from the list due to privacy reasons, use the following in interactive mode:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# remove 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>And if you no longer want your device to be trusted any more use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;bluetooth]# untrust 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To disconnect, there are many methods:<br>1. Toggle the Bluetooth switch on your Bluetooth device and\/or computer.<br>2. Use <strong>bluetoothctl power off<\/strong> command from your terminal.<br>3. Or, use the standard method <strong>bluetoothctl disconnect 90:78:B2:C7:8F:A8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many more options to explore in bluetoothctl, just read them in <strong>bluetoothctl help<\/strong>.<strong> <\/strong>Now you can use Bluetooth for sharing files\/internet\/audio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Occasionally, you might face a few bugs. Sometimes, restarting the computer might fix them. And if the problem still persists, put them in the comment section below. I have a few solutions and putting them here will make the article lengthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s all. And also do not forget to notify me any mistakes committed by me in this article if any.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is about the Management of Bluetooth devices in Linux using a command-line tool called bluetoothctl.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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