{"id":1258,"date":"2021-11-27T11:40:28","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T06:10:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/?p=1258"},"modified":"2022-02-10T18:17:21","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T12:47:21","slug":"hard-links-and-soft-links-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/hard-links-and-soft-links-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Hard Links and Soft Links in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When it comes to links, we always get confused with symlinks, hard links, soft links symbolic links, etc. In this post, I will try to cover everything about these terms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"table-of-contents\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#what-are-links\">What are Links<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#types-of-links\">Types of Links<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#difference-between-soft-and-hard-links\">Difference between Soft and Hard Links<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-to-create-a-soft-link-symbolic-link-symlink\">How to Create a Soft Link\/Symbolic Link\/Symlink<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-to-overwrite-a-symlink-soft-link-symbolic-link\">How to Overwrite a Symlink\/Soft Link\/Symbolic Link<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-to-remove-a-symlink-symbolic-link-soft-link\">How to Remove a Symlink\/Symbolic Link\/Soft Link<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#concluding-remark\">Concluding Remark<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-links\">What are Links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Links in Linux\/Unix are similar to <strong>shortcuts<\/strong> in Windows OS. When we &#8220;open&#8221; them, the original file being targeted is opened directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"949\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/links_targetting_a_location.jpg?resize=757%2C949&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Links in Windows 10\" class=\"wp-image-1303\"\/><figcaption><em>Links in Windows 10<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-links\">Types of Links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Links are of two types &#8211; soft and hard links. <strong>The soft links are also known as symbolic links and symlinks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"difference-between-soft-and-hard-links\">Difference between Soft and Hard Links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Soft Links<\/th><th>Hard Links<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>The link and the linked file can be on different file systems (ex &#8211; the link on EXT4 and the linked file on NTFS).<\/td><td>They cannot be on different file systems.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>If the original file is deleted or its path is changed, the symlink will not work.<\/td><td>The hard link will work.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>We use the<strong> <code>ln --symbolic<\/code><\/strong> (or <strong><code>ln -s<\/code>) <\/strong>command to create soft links.<\/td><td><strong><code>ln<\/code><\/strong> command is used here without any flag.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-create-a-soft-link-symbolic-link-symlink\">How to Create a Soft Link\/Symbolic Link\/Symlink<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We create a symlink using<mark class=\"annotation-text annotation-text-yoast\" id=\"annotation-text-61e2ede8-6e5f-4f4e-95f5-2e5d4bdff60f\"><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ ln --symbolic &lt;target&gt; &lt;link_name&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Where the target is the<strong> file or directory <\/strong>needed to be linked. The <code>link_name<\/code> is the name of the link.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One very good example in the X11 system is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ ln --symbolic ~\/.Xresources ~\/.Xdefaults<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/groups.google.com\/g\/comp.windows.x\/c\/hQBEdql8l-Q\/m\/hF3DETcIHGwJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">above symlink is recommended<\/a> for all bare-bone Linux users. We need both the files <code>~\/.Xdefaults<\/code> and <code>~\/.Xresources<\/code> on different occasions (You might have noticed it while <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/urxvt-installation-color-scheme-fonts-resize-etc\/\">setting up URxvt<\/a>). Instead of making them the same manually, we create a symlink like above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also verify the creation of symlink by using <strong><code>ls -al<\/code><\/strong> command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ ls -l --all<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The arrow (<code>-&gt;<\/code>) symbol, just next to <code>.Xdefaults<\/code>, tells that <code>.Xdefaults<\/code> is a symlink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1090\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/links_symlinks.png?resize=1090%2C698&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"arrow symbol in ls -al command showcasing symlinks\" class=\"wp-image-1266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/links_symlinks.png?w=1090&amp;ssl=1 1090w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smarttech101.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/links_symlinks.png?resize=768%2C492&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption><em>Arrow (<code>-&gt;<\/code>) symbol in <\/em><strong><code><em>ls -l --all<\/em><\/code><\/strong><em><strong> <\/strong>command showcasing symlinks<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Another great example is becoming prevalent thanks to the rampant usage of SSDs. Generally, SSDs are smaller and more expensive than HDDs. So we can store large directories containing movies (for example) on HDDs while linking them to SSDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ ln --symbolic \/mnt\/my_HDD\/movies ~\/Videos\/movies<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also notice that in the first example, the target (i.e. <code>~\/.Xresources<\/code>) is a file while in the second example the target (i.e. \/mnt\/my_HDD\/movies) is a directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\ude03 <strong>Fun Fact: <\/strong>Linux treats<strong> <\/strong>directories, optical discs, CPUs, batteries, and everything else as files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-overwrite-a-symlink-soft-link-symbolic-link\">How to Overwrite a Symlink\/Soft Link\/Symbolic Link<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When there is already a symlink with the same name, the <strong><code>ln<\/code><\/strong> command throws an error. To overcome this error, use <strong><code>-f<\/code> (or <code>--force<\/code><\/strong>) flag. This will overwrite the existing symlink with the new one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ ln --symbolic --force &lt;target&gt; &lt;link_name&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>An <strong>example<\/strong> used very often during <a href=\"https:\/\/smarttech101.com\/how-to-install-arch-linux-and-support-graphics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Archlinux installation<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ ln --symbolic --force \/usr\/share\/zoneinfo\/GB \/etc\/localtime<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-remove-a-symlink-symbolic-link-soft-link\">How to Remove a Symlink\/Symbolic Link\/Soft Link<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We can do it in two ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first one uses the<strong> <code>rm<\/code><\/strong> command. Just remove it as you do with any file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ rm &lt;link_name&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The second one uses <strong>the <code>unlink<\/code><\/strong> command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>~$ unlink &lt;link_name&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concluding-remark\">Concluding Remark<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Links in Linux alleviate the need to create duplicate files manually. At the same time, they provide a robust way of organizing your files. To know more about these, use the<strong> <code>man ln<\/code><\/strong> and the <code><strong>man<\/strong> 7 <strong>symlink<\/strong><\/code><strong> <\/strong>commands. And also, please provide me with your suggestions in the comment section below to improve this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Links in Linux\/Unix are of two types &#8211; soft links (aka symlinks and symbolic links) and hard links. It is handled by the ln command.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[18,19],"class_list":["post-1258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-command-line-tools","tag-command-line-tools","tag-ln"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hard Links and Soft Links in Linux | SmartTech101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Links in Linux\/Unix are of two types - soft links (aka symlinks and symbolic links) and hard links. 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